Effect of PTX or CTX on V. faba stomatal closure. Control, Open stomata were kept in MES buffer but minus CaM for 2 h, then the stomatal aperture was treated as 100%; CaM, open stomata were treated with 10−8 m CaM solution for 2 h; PTX, open stomata were treated with 400 ng/mL PTX solution for 2 h; PTX + CaM, open stomata were pretreated with 400 ng/mL PTX for 30 min, washed with MES buffer, then kept in CaM solution for 2 h; CTX, open stomata were treated with 400 ng/mL CTX for 2 h.