Table 2.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients in relation to the MS score
| Variables | MS score | Statistics | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n = 40) | 1 (n = 140) | 2 (n = 207) | 3 (n = 253) | 4 (n = 159) | 5 (n = 59) | |||
| Sex (male/female), n | 32/8 | 108/32 | 156/51 | 187/66 | 104/55 | 39/20 | 8.971† | 0.110 |
| Age (years) | 57 ± 9 | 58 ± 9 | 58 ± 9 | 60 ± 9 | 59.4 ± 9 | 61 ± 9 | 2.546* | 0.027 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 ± 2.9 | 22.9 ± 3.3 | 24.1 ± 2.7 | 25.1 ± 2.7 | 25.6 ± 2.5 | 27.0 ± 3.1 | 35.227* | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.3 ± 8.1 | 81.5 ± 6.7 | 84.9 ± 7.9 | 89.1 ± 7.9 | 90.9 ± 7.2 | 95.7 ± 7.5 | 45.864* | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.86 ± 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.05 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 0.96 ± 0.06 | 31.986* | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115 ± 7 | 127 ± 18 | 130 ± 17 | 134 ± 17 | 138 ± 16 | 139 ± 17 | 17.652* | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72 ± 7 | 78 ± 10 | 80 ± 10 | 82 ± 11 | 83 ± 10 | 83 ± 11 | 10.285* | <0.001 |
| Glycemic status | ||||||||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 24.813* | <0.001 |
| Lipid profile | ||||||||
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 18.936* | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 1.420* | 0.214 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 33.455* | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 0.866* | 0.503 |
| Coronary risk factors | ||||||||
| Former smoker | 2 (5.0) | 19 (13.6) | 26 (12.6) | 30 (11.9) | 21 (13.2) | 8 (13.6) | 2.441† | 0.785 |
| Current smoker | 16 (40.0) | 50 (35.7) | 69 (33.3) | 94 (37.2) | 56 (35.2) | 19 (32.2) | 1.368† | 0.928 |
| Alcohol consumption | 6 (15.0) | 37 (26.4) | 48 (23.2) | 65 (25.7) | 45 (28.3) | 14 (23.7) | 3.681† | 0.596 |
| Hypertension | 0 | 47 (33.6) | 102 (49.3) | 171 (67.6) | 117 (73.6) | 53 (89.8) | 144.866† | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 3 (2.3) | 22 (10.9) | 37 (14.8) | 49 (30.8) | 29 (50.0) | 109.261† | <0.001 |
| Family history of hypertension | 9 (22.5) | 57 (40.7) | 112 (54.1) | 143 (56.5) | 97 (61.0) | 41 (69.5) | 35.276† | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes | 6 (15.0) | 22 (15.7) | 32 (15.5) | 47 (18.6) | 40 (25.2) | 20 (33.9) | 15.139† | 0.010 |
| Family history of CAD | 4 (10.0) | 24 (17.1) | 66 (31.9) | 64 (25.3) | 56 (35.2) | 23 (39.0) | 24.869† | <0.001 |
| Medical treatment | ||||||||
| Aspirin | 1 (2.5) | 51 (36.4) | 95 (45.9) | 139 (54.9) | 108 (67.9) | 46 (78.0) | 88.667† | <0.001 |
| β-blocker | 1 (2.5) | 32 (22.9) | 72 (34.8) | 108 (42.7) | 82 (51.6) | 35 (59.3) | 61.746† | <0.001 |
| Calcium blocker | 0 | 24 (17.1) | 56 (27.1) | 78 (30.8) | 65 (40.9) | 28 (47.5) | 47.082† | <0.001 |
| ACEI | 0 | 27 (19.3) | 52 (25.1) | 73 (28.9) | 68 (42.8) | 29 (49.2) | 50.522† | <0.001 |
| Statin | 0 | 29 (20.7) | 56 (27.1) | 89 (35.2) | 75 (47.2) | 36 (61.0) | 68.253† | <0.001 |
Data are shown as means ± SD or n (%) or as indicated. *F value; †χ2 value. MS: Metabolic syndrome; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; TGs: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CAD: Coronary artery disease; ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; WHR: Waist to hip ratio; SD: Standard deviation; 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa.