(A) Left, schematic representation of the model of GvHD used with a C3–/– recipient: FvB/N → WT or C3–/– C57BL/6. Right, Western blot analysis of C3 and Gp96 in day 7 sera of WT or C3–/– mice, developing GvHD (Allo) or not (Syn and BM). (B) Top, schematic representation of the mice model with a C3–/– donor: WT or C3–/– C57BL/6 → BALB/c. Lower left panel, Western blot analysis of C3 and Gp96 in day 7 sera of mice receiving a WT or a C3–/– graft, developing GvHD (Allo) or not (Syn and BM). Samples from 7 animals per group were pooled. Lower right panel, immunoprecipitation of Gp96 in the sera from the different described animals groups was followed by complement C3 immunoblotting. One representative experiment out of 3 performed is shown. (C) Survival of the mice belonging to the different groups described in B, (n = 4) from 2 independent experiments. (D) Percentage of activated, splenic T cells (CD3+CD69+) 7 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice receiving either a WT or a C3–/– graft, developing GvHD (Allo) or not (Syn and BM). Statistical analysis performed using a one-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. *P < 0.05 (n = 3).