(A and B) Values are mean ± SEM, with analysis by 2-tailed Student’s t test or ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with respective control). (C–G) Sections were triple immunostained for SOX9 (red; Sertoli cells), 3β-HSD (green; Leydig cells), and smooth muscle actin (blue). Asterisks indicate abnormal aggregation of fetal Leydig cells (green). Scale bars: 200 μM. DBP, dibutyl phthalate; MPW, masculinization programming window; LW, late window; AGD, anogenital distance.