Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population at inclusion, N = 427.
| Mean or n | SD or % | |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic, medical, and ophthalmological characteristics | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 81.6 | 4.2 |
| Female, n (%) | 266 | 62.3 |
| Educational level, n (%) | ||
| Elementary school | 33 | 7.7 |
| Secondary school | 198 | 46.4 |
| Higher level | 196 | 45.9 |
| Apolipoprotein ε4, n (%) | 72 | 16.9 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 44 | 10.3 |
| Glaucoma, n (%) | 26 | 6.1 |
| Cataract surgery (with or without implant), n (%) | 212 | 49.6 |
| Vertical diameter of the ONH (in mm), mean (SD) | 2.0 | 0.2 |
| Axial lengtha (in mm), mean (SD) | 23.4 | 1.2 |
| Cognitive assessment tests at baselineb | ||
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 27.8 | 1.9 |
| Isaacs’ set test at 30″, mean (SD) | 45.1 | 9.7 |
| FCSRT, mean (SD) | ||
| Score of three free recalls | 26.1 | 7.1 |
| Score of three free plus cued recalls | 45.1 | 4.6 |
| Score of delayed free recall | 10.4 | 3.1 |
| Score of delayed free plus cued recalls | 15.3 | 1.6 |
| RNFL assessment measures | ||
| Global RNFL thickness (in μm), mean (SD) | 86.8 | 13.7 |
| Global RNFL classification,c n (%) | ||
| Within normal limits | 297 | 69.6 |
| Borderline | 54 | 12.6 |
| Outside normal limits | 76 | 17.8 |
| Segments thickness (in μm), mean (SD) | ||
| Superotemporal | 115.9 | 23.5 |
| Temporal | 67.2 | 13.4 |
| Inferotemporal | 122.3 | 27.1 |
| Inferonasal | 97.3 | 24.4 |
| Nasal | 66.2 | 16.4 |
| Superonasal | 91.4 | 23.3 |
MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; FCSRT, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer.
Missing data: Isaacs’ set test at 30″ (n = 5); all FCSRT scores (n = 30).
aMeasure obtained from 204 participants.
bScores for the cognitive assessment performed at baseline, at the same time as RNFL measurement, are presented here.
cClassification provided by the Spectralis software: outside normal limits (lowest 1% of the distribution), borderline (bottom 1–5% of the distribution) and within normal (above 5%) based on the age-matched comparison with an internal normative database of 201 healthy eyes of Caucasian patients. For each participant, the worse eye is considered here.