Value of the λ parameter for the best-fitting WAS with combined item and context-based semantic cuing, for each experiment. (a) In Experiment 1, most participants had values of λ of very near to 1, indicating that their recall behavior was more consistent with the item-based semantic cuing mechanism. (b) In Experiment 2, a substantial subset of participants had values of λ that were near to 0, consistent with the context-based semantic cuing mechanism. (c) Most participants in Experiment 3 had behavior that was most consistent with item-based semantic cuing.