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Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and interleukin (IL)-1β-dependent cytokine secretion from synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SFMSCs). (A) In culture medium without cytokine stimulation, and (B) upon stimulation with 1 ng/ml TNF-α, (C) 1 ng/ml IL-1β, (D) 1 ng/ml TNF-α and 1 ng/ml IL-1β, (E) 1 ng/ml IL-1β and 1μg/mL anti-TNF-α, and (F) 1 ng/ml TNF-α and 1 ng/ml IL-1β with the addition of 1 μg/ml anti-TNF-α for 12 h.
