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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Clin North Am. 2017 Mar;101(2):333–350. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.006

Table 1.

Prediagnostic stages toward myelodysplastic syndrome.

ICUS NRXi w/o mutation NRXi w/mutation CHIP† CCUS Low risk MDS High risk MDS
Cytopenia(s) + − − − + + +
Dysplasia − − − − − +/− +
Molecular drivers − − + + + + +
Non-random X-inactivation +/− + + +/− + + +
Neoplastic transformation graphic file with name nihms840539t1.jpg

ICUS: idiopathic cytopenia of unknown significance; NRXi: non-random X-inactivation (determined by differentiating polymorphic alleles of HUMARA or G6PD genes on X chromosome); CHIP: clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; CCUS: clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome.

†

The vast majority of mutaWons associated with CHIP involve ASXL1, DNTM3A, or TET2.