Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the subjects (n=834)
| Variables | Women (n=577) |
Men (n=257) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 21.8 (1.9) | 22.0 (2.0) | 0.232 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.4 (3.6) | 23.4 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%) | 28.0 (6.6) | 14.8 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 73.9 (7.9) | 81.9 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| cIMT (mm) | 0.49 (0.06) | 0.50 (0.06) | <0.05 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 111 (9) | 125 (12) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 65 (7) | 67 (7) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate/min | 66 (10) | 63 (10) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.9 (0.3) | 5.2 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 8.0 (4.5) | 7.5 (3.7) | 0.136 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.8 (0.9) | 0.814 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.7) | 0.798 |
| Cholesterol | 4.3 (0.8) | 4.1 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.395 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.9 (4.0) | 1.3 (2.7) | <0.05 |
| VO2 max (mL/kg/min) | 37.8 (8.5) | 42.9 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 34 (7) | 53(10) | <0.001 |
| Food habits (points)a | 6 (5–7) | 6 (4–7) | 0.062 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean (SD). Comparisons of mean values between women and men by unpaired Student’s t-test.
a
Data are presented as median and interquartile range (Q1–Q3).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; cIMT, carotid intima–media thickness; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; SD, standard deviation; VO2 max, maximum oxygen uptake.