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. 2017 Mar 16;11:797–810. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S130514

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© 2017 Ganguly et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Amyloid beta proteinopathy in AD brain.

Notes: Oxidative stress causes increased expression of APP and BACE1, leading to accumulation of Aβ42. The clearance of Aβ42 from the brain is also retarded by oxidative stress. On the other hand, the multiple interactions of Aβ42 with mitochondria, microglia and metal ions lead to further oxidative stress. Arrows suggest interactions; a line with an end bar indicates retardation.

Abbreviations: Aβ42, amyloid beta peptide 1–42; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; APP, amyloid precursor protein; BACE1, β-secretase; eIF2, eukaryotic initiation factor-2; IRE, iron-responsive element; LRP1, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; PKR, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products; ROS, reactive oxygen species.