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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging. 2017 Jan 3;52:71–80. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.020

Figure 4. Increased peak-compensation predicted poor executive function in AD patients.

Figure 4

Pearson partial correlations between the residuals of peak-compensation after regressing on pitch-response-persistence, age, sex and MMSE, and the composite scores of: (A) Executive; (B) Fluency (generation tasks); (C) Memory; (D) Language. Each composite score was estimated as the average of z scores derived for each of its component tasks. The component tasks included: executive – cognitive control (Stroop) and set-shifting (modified Trail Making); fluency (generation tasks) – lexical fluency (D words), category fluency (animals) and design fluency; memory – short delay verbal recall (CVLT 30 second recall) and delayed verbal recall (CVLT 10 minute recall); language – naming (BNT), repetition, and PPVT. Abbreviations: AD=Alzheimer's disease; BNT=Boston Naming Test; CVLT=California Verbal Learning Test (short form); MMSE=Mini-Mental State examination; PPVT=Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test.