Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of key variables for 55 Baltimore City, MD Community Statistical Areas (CSAs), over the study period from 2000 to 2012
| 2000 Mean (SD) |
2012 Mean (SD) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Median sales price of homes ($) | 71,789 (33,716) | 114,812 (86,652) |
| Racial diversity index (%) | 27.8 (18.7) | 38.1 (23.3) |
| Total population | 11,847.9 (4673.6) | 11,313.8 (4434.8) |
| Age composition (%) | ||
| 0–17 years | 24.9 (6.6) | 21.1 (6.5) |
| 18–24 years | 10.4 (4.7) | 12.2 (5.1) |
| 25–64 years | 51.4 (5.0) | 55.3 (7.0) |
| 65+ years | 13.3 (3.7) | 11.4 (3.9) |
| Food swamp score (%) | 91.1 (13.8) | 95.3 (4.6) |
| BMI-unhealthy outlet density (outlet/sq. mile) | 38.5 (46.4) | 45.0 (53.3) |
| Percent BMI-unhealthy outlets (%)a | 73.0 (17.1) | 71.3 (15.1) |
| BMI-intermediate outlet density (outlet/sq. mile) | 13.0 (24.4) | 21.5 (38.4) |
| Percent BMI-intermediate outlets (%)a | 18.1 (13.6) | 24.1 (4.2) |
| BMI-healthy outlet density (outlet/sq. mile) | 4.4 (7.8) | 3.2 (6.4) |
| Percent BMI-healthy outlets (%)a | 8.9 (13.8) | 4.7 (4.6) |
| Crime rate (incidents/100 residents) | 11.6 (12.3) | 6.7 (4.3) |
| Violent crime rate (incidents/100 residents) | 2.7 (2.0) | 1.6 (1.0) |
| Juvenile arrests, overall (arrests/100 youths)b | 10.9 (5.6) | 9.8 (14.4) |
| Juvenile arrests, violent offenses (arrests/100 youths)b | 1.0 (0.6) | 2.3 (4.9) |
| Juvenile arrests, drug offenses (arrests/100 youths)b | 3.1 (2.4) | 3.1 (3.9) |
aTo make these measures comparable to the food swamp score, each granular measure was divided by the density of all food outlets and multiplied by 100. This transformation resulted in our secondary outcome variables: percent BMI-unhealthy outlet, percent BMI-intermediate outlet, and percent BMI-healthy outlet
bData for juvenile arrests were not reported in 2012; we instead include the mean value for 2011 (the last available year) in this table