FIG 1.

Oral administration of UDCA, TUDCA, and GUDCA improves clinical parameters and inflammatory markers in acute DSS-induced colitis. C57BL/6J mice received 4% DSS in the drinking water for 7 days, followed by normal water for 3 days. Control mice received water alone. From the start of DSS administration, mice were treated with UDCA, TUDCA, or GUDCA (500 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage. (A) Body weight changes during acute DSS-induced colitis. Body weights are represented as a percentage of their initial body weight at day 0. Results of a Mann-Whitney U test on day 10 are shown. (B) Clinical disease activity score. Results of a Mann-Whitney U test on day 9 are shown. (C) Colon lengths were assessed upon euthanasia on day 10. (D and E) Cytokine levels of CXCL1, G-CSF, and IL-6 in colonic tissue (D) and serum (E) collected on day 10. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 8 in each group). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. C, control; P, placebo; T, TUDCA; U, UDCA; G, GUDCA.