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. 2017 Mar 21;8:161. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00161

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Copyright © 2017 Nam, Sharma, Liu and Hatch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alpl^−/− primary chondrocytes exhibit abnormal gene expression during differentiation. (A–F) Primary rib chondrocytes isolated from Alpl^+/+ and Alpl^−/− mice were cultured to induce chondrocyte differentiation. Experiments were performed in triplicate. RNA was isolated at indicated time points. TNAP, sox9, aggrecan, Col2a1, Runx2, and Col10a1 mRNA levels were measured by real time PCR. Results are presented as normalized to β-Actin. Solid lines = Alpl^+/+ cells, dashed lines = Alpl^−/− cells. ^*p < 0.05 between genotypes.