Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristic | Mindfulness group (N = 100) | Control group (N = 94) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years ± SD | 47 ± 13 | 47 ± 12 |
| Female, n (%) | 79 (79%) | 76 (81%) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| White | 64 (65%) | 50 (53%) |
| Black | 13 (13%) | 12 (12%) |
| Latina/o | 7 (7%) | 16 (17%) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 8 (8%) | 11 (11%) |
| Education attained, n (%) | ||
| High school | 1 (1%) | 6 (6%) |
| Some college | 15 (15%) | 21 (22%) |
| Bachelor's | 41 (41%) | 34 (36%) |
| Advanced degree | 28 (28%) | 22 (23%) |
| Baseline global PSQI score, mean ± SD | 5.81 ± 3.4 | 6.1 ± 2.6 |
| Baseline BMI, mean ± SD | 35.4 ± 3.5 | 35.6 ± 3.8 |
| Berlin Sleep Questionnaire, % high riska | 66% | 69% |
| Average hours of sleep per night, mean ± SD | 7.22 ± 1.22 | 7.35 ± 1.57 |
| Sleep aid use | 4.00% | 2.86% |
| Antidepressant use | 17.00% | 17.02% |
| Diuretic use | 7.00% | 7.45% |
| Baseline FFMQb score | 134.09 ± 18.75 | 134.46 ± 20.24 |
According to the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire, a patient is considered high risk if there are two or more of three categories in which the score is positive (categories are: snoring/sleep behavior, daytime sleepiness, and BMI/history of hypertension).
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, total score from sum of five subcomponents. These baseline FFMQ scores are comparable to other total FFMQ scores among adults shown in recent studies. A 2016 study of 80 American adults with osteoarthritis showed a baseline total FFMQ score of 142.8 ± 16.6.31 Another 2016 study of 305 Dutch adults aged 16–65 years showed a baseline total FFMQ score of 128.24 ± 15.58.32
SD, standard deviation; PSQI, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index; BMI, body mass index.