Lesion volume after electrical stimulation and complete spinal block. Subjects receiving electrical stimulation show increased lesion volume (A), reduced spared gray matter (B), and reduced spared white matter (C) that is blocked by lidocaine treatment. Representative stained sections from Vehicle-Unshocked (D), Vehicle-Shocked (E), Lidocaine-Unshocked (F), and Lidocaine-Shocked (G) groups. * indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). Error bars represent standard error of the mean (n = 6 for Vehicle-Unshocked, Vehicle-Shocked, Lidocaine-Shocked; n = 5 for Lidocaine-Unshocked).