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. 2016 Dec 23;158(4):669–681. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000814

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 1. — Lead placement. The lead for dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation is specialized to provide percutaneous entry through the epidural space, exiting through the foramen, and resting around the DRG. As shown in panel A, DRG leads were placed in the lateral epidural space near the target DRG. For the SCS arm (panel B), leads were placed in the medial or paramedial epidural space such that the caudal-most electrical contact was not caudal to the top of the L1 vertebral body on an anterior–posterior fluoroscopic view. Depending on the anatomical target, up to 16 contacts were placed for both study arms. Intraoperative testing to determine paresthesia overlap over pain areas was conducted during trial evaluation period.