Table 2.
Logistic regression analyses showing the crude and adjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) and significance level, deliveries attended by skilled birth attendants in Bangladesh
| Characteristics | Crude OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR(95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current age of women (years) | ||||
| 15–24 | Ref | |||
| 25–34 | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.3 | ||
| 35–49 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.6 | ||
| Husbands’ age (years) | ||||
| 15–25 | Ref | |||
| 25–40 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.5 | ||
| > 40 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.8 | ||
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| ≥ 2 | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | <0.001 |
| Birth interval (years) | ||||
| 0–2 | Ref | Ref | ||
| ≥ 3 | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 0.1 |
| Pregnancy complications | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | <0.05 |
| Don't know | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | <0.001 | 0.6 (0.3–0.7) | <0.05 |
| Previous history of dead children | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 1 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 |
| ≥ 2 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | <0.05 | 1.5 (0.8–2.6) | 0.2 |
| Receiving at least one antenatal care by a skilled provider | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 5.2 (4.1–6.6) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | <0.05 |
| Education level of women | ||||
| No formal education | Ref | Ref | ||
| Primary | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.8 |
| Secondary | 3.4 (2.6–4.5) | <0.001 | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.3 |
| Higher | 11.6 (8.4–16.0) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | <0.05 |
| Education level of husbands of the women | ||||
| No formal education | Ref | Ref | ||
| Primary | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.9–1.4) | 0.3 |
| Secondary | 3.2 (2.6–3.9) | <0.001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | <0.05 |
| Higher | 8.3 (6.6–10.7) | <0.001 | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | <0.001 |
| Sex of the household head | ||||
| Male | Ref | |||
| Female | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 | ||
| Occupation of the women | ||||
| Not working | Ref | Ref | ||
| Working | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | <0.001 |
| Wealth quintile | ||||
| Poorest | Ref | Ref | ||
| Poorer | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | <0.001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | <0.05 |
| Middle | 2.9 (2.2–3.6) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | <0.001 |
| Richer | 4.7 (3.6–6.1) | <0.001 | 2.2 (1.6–2.8) | <0.001 |
| Richest | 11.6 (8.9–15.1) | <0.001 | 3.4 (2.5–4.7) | <0.001 |
| Frequency of reading newspaper | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Less than once a week | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | <0.001 | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.1 |
| At least once a week | 5.7 (4.3–7.5) | <0.001 | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | <0.05 |
| Frequency of listening to radio | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Less than once a week | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | <0.05 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 0.4 |
| At least once a week | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.3 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | <0.05 |
| Frequency of watching television | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Less than once a week | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.8 |
| At least once a week | 3.7 (3.2–4.3) | <0.001 | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 0.1 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | Ref | Ref | ||
| Rural | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | <0.001 |
| Region (division) | ||||
| Khulna | Ref | Ref | ||
| Barisal | 0.3 (0.3–0.5) | <0.001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | <0.001 |
| Chittagong | 0.4 (0.4–0.6) | <0.001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | <0.001 |
| Dhaka | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | <0.001 | 0.4 (0.4–0.6) | <0.001 |
| Rajshahi | 0.6 (0.4–0.7) | <0.001 | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | <0.001 |
| Rangpur | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | <0.001 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <0.001 |
| Sylhet | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | <0.001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | <0.001 |
| Religion | ||||
| Islam | Ref | Ref | ||
| Others | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.2 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.6 |