Table 3.
Characteristics of patients with tuberculosis stratified according to Determine TB-LAM assay result
| Among TB patients by LAM status (n = 139) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAM-positive (n = 53) |
LAM-negative (n = 83) |
No LAM result (n = 3) |
P value* | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 33.4 (25.9–40.6) | 34.2 (28.2–38.7) | 25.3 (25.1–32.4) | 0.582 |
| Female | 30 (56.6) | 57 (68.7) | 3 (100) | 0.153 |
| New HIV diagnosis on admission | 19 (35.9) | 14 (16.9) | 1 (33.3) | 0.012 |
| History of previous TBa | 17 (32.1) | 31 (37.8) | 2 (66.7) | 0.497 |
| ART status | ||||
| ART-naive | 28 (52.8) | 42 (50.6) | 1 (33.3) | 0.058 |
| ART interrupted | 11 (20.8) | 7 (8.4) | 1 (33.3) | |
| Current ART use | 14 (26.4) | 34 (41.0) | 1 (33.3) | |
| If currently on ART, treatment duration (years), median (IQR)* | 0.1 (0–2.5) | 1.5 (0.6–4.1) | 0.8 (0.8–0.8) | 0.055 |
| CD4 counts (cells/uL)a | ||||
| Median (IQR) cells/μL | 42 (23–91) | 140 (47–247) | 74 (22–546) | <0.001 |
| <50 | 30 (56.6) | 22 (26.8) | 1 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| 50-99 | 11 (20.8) | 9 (11.0) | 1 (33.3) | |
| 100-149 | 7 (13.2) | 12 (14.6) | 0 | |
| 150-199 | 4 (7.6) | 12 (14.6) | 0 | |
| ≥200 | 1 (1.9) | 27 (32.9) | 1 (33.3) | |
| HIV viral load (log copies/mL)b | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 5.4 (4.3–6.0) | 4.7 (2.5–5.5) | 4.5 (3.2–5.9) | 0.005 |
| Virally suppressed (<400 copies/mL) | 4 (8.0) | 21 (26.6) | 0 | 0.011 |
| Anaemia category | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 7.6 (6.5–8.6) | 9.0 (7.4–11.1) | 7.1 (6.9–11.8) | <0.001 |
| No/mild anaemia | 3 (5.7) | 24 (28.9) | 1 (33.3) | 0.001 |
| Moderate/severe anaemia | 50 (94.3) | 59 (71.1) | 2 (66.7) | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L)b | ||||
| Median, (IQR) | 168 (107–204) | 95 (44–142) | 100 (87–134) | <0.001 |
| <50 | 0 | 23 (29.5) | 0 | <0.001 |
| ≥50 | 50 (100) | 55 (70.5) | 3 (100) | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Cough ≥2 weeksa | 8 (13.2) | 11 (13.4) | 0 | 0.972 |
| Sputum productiona | 22 (41.5) | 27 (33.8) | 2 (66.7) | 0.364 |
| Current cougha | 31 (58.5) | 22 (62.2) | 2 (66.7) | 0.667 |
| Current fevera | 22 (41.5) | 27 (33.8) | 2 (66.7) | 0.436 |
| Current night sweats | 11 (21.2) | 13 (15.9) | 0 | 0.965 |
| Current reported weight lossa | 30 (56.6) | 44 (53.7) | 2 (66.7) | 0.737 |
| Positive WHO symptoms screena | 52 (98.1) | 79 (96.3) | 3 (100) | 0.553 |
| RIF resistance | ||||
| Yes | 1 (1.9) | 3 (3.6) | 0 | 1 |
Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. *Limited to among 49 patients currently receiving ART, abetween 1 and 3 values missing, b8 values missing. Abbreviations: ART antiretroviral therapy, IQR interquartile range, LAM lipoarabinomannan, WHO World Health Organization