Table 5.
Associations of objectively-assessed environmental attributes with accelerometry-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/h) by significant moderators
| Time of the day | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental attribute | Day of the week | Gender | 8:00 am – 8:59 am | 9:00 am – 11:59 am | 12:00 pm – 1:59 pm | 2:00 pm – 4:59 pm | 5:00 pm – 7:59 pm | 8:00 pm – 11:59 pm |
| eb (95% CI) p-values |
eb (95% CI) p-values |
eb (95% CI) p-values |
eb (95% CI) p-values |
eb (95% CI) p-values |
eb (95% CI) p-values |
|||
| Net residential density – 1 km bf (1000/km2) | All | Men |
1.007
c
(1.004, 1.011) <0.001 |
1.006
c
(1.003, 1.008) <0.001 |
1.002
a
(1.000, 1.005) 0.033 |
1.004
c
(1.002, 1.006) <0.001 |
1.007
c
(1.004, 1.009) <0.001 |
1.007
c
(1.005, 1.010) <0.001 |
| All | Women | 1.003 (1.000, 1.006) 0.093 |
1.003
b
(1.001, 1.005) 0.008 |
1.003
a
(1.001, 1.006) 0.016 |
1.005
c
(1.003, 1.008) <0.001 |
1.007
c
(1.004, 1.009) <0.001 |
1.005
c
(1.002, 1.007) <0.001 |
|
| Weekday | All |
1.006
c
(1.004, 1.009) <0.001 |
1.005
c
(1.003, 1.007) <0.001 |
1.002
a
(1.000, 1.005) 0.032 |
1.004
c
(1.002, 1.006) <0.001 |
1.006
c
(1.004, 1.008) <0.001 |
1.006
c
(1.004, 1.008) <0.001 |
|
| Weekend | All | 1.002 (0.998, 1.006) 0.272 |
1.003
a
(1.000, 1.005) 0.021 |
1.003
a
(1.000, 1.006) 0.024 |
1.005
c
(1.002, 1.007) <0.001 |
1.007
c
(1.005, 1.010) <0.001 |
1.005
c
(1.003, 1.008) <0.001 |
|
| Net residential density – 0.5 km bf (1000/km2) | All | Men | 1.003 (0.999, 1.007) 0.152 |
1.003
b
(1.001, 1.005) 0.007 |
1.001 (0.999, 1.003) 0.289 |
1.004
b
(1.001, 1.006) 0.006 |
1.006
c
(1.003, 1.008) <0.001 |
1.005
c
(1.003, 1.008) <0.001 |
| All | Women | 0.998 (0.994, 1.001) 0.171 |
1.001 (0.999, 1.003) 0.321 |
1.002 (0.999, 1.004) 0.205 |
1.004
b
(1.001, 1.007) 0.003 |
1.006
c
(1.004, 1.008) <0.001 |
1.003
b
(1.001, 1.005) <0.001 |
|
| Weekday | All |
1.005
c
(1.003, 1.007) <0.001 |
1.004
c
(1.002, 1.006) <0.001 |
1.001 (1.000, 1.003) 0.139 |
1.003
c
(1.001, 1.005) <0.001 |
1.005
c
(1.003, 1.006) <0.001 |
1.005
c
(1.003, 1.007) <0.001 |
|
| Weekend | All | 1.001 (0.997, 1.004) 0.772 |
1.002 (1.000, 1.003) 0.115 |
1.002 (0.999, 1.004) 0.217 |
1.004
c
(1.002, 1.006) <0.001 |
1.006
c
(1.004, 1.008) <0.001 |
1.004
c
(1.002, 1.006) <0.001 |
|
| Intersection density – 1 km bf (100/km2) | Weekday | All |
1.760
c
(1.498, 2.068) <0.001 |
1.461
c
(1.257, 1.699) <0.001 |
1.225
b
(1.055, 1.423) 0.008 |
1.180
a
(1.016, 1.370) 0.030 |
1.314
c
(1.131, 1.526) <0.001 |
1.440
c
(1.240, 1.672) <0.001 |
| Weekend | All |
1.352
a
(1.027, 1. 781) 0.032 |
1.231
a
(1.005, 1.508) 0.044 |
1.285
a
(1.053, 1.569) 0.014 |
1.297
b
(1.064, 1.580) 0.010 |
1.779
c
(1.460, 2.168) <0.001 |
1.952
c
(1.601, 2.379) <0.001 |
|
| Intersection density – 0.5 km bf (100/km2) | Weekday | All |
1.153
c
(1.097, 1.213) <0.001 |
1.109
c
(1.072, 1.148) <0.001 |
1.049
b
(1.014, 1.086) 0.007 |
1.038
a
(1.006, 1.073) 0.028 |
1.055
b
(1.020, 1.091) 0.002 |
1.092
c
(1.055, 1.131) <0.001 |
| Weekend | All |
1.274
a
(1.022, 1.589) 0.031 |
1.085 (0.920, 1.279) 0.334 |
1.078 (0.917, 1.268) 0.365 |
1.105 (0.941, 1.298) 0.222 |
1.430
c
(1.218, 1.680) <0.001 |
1.605
c
(1.367, 1.886) <0.001 |
|
| Land use mix (3 land uses) – 1 km bf | All | Men |
2.101
c
(1.367, 3.228) <0.001 |
1.100 (0.770, 1.573) 0.600 |
1.142 (0.803. 1.623) 0.460 |
1.311 (0.923, 1.861) 0.130 |
2.060
c
(1.450, 2.924) <0.001 |
1.484
a
(1.044, 2.108) 0.028 |
| All | Women | 0.841 (0.585, 1.209) 0.350 |
0.950 (0.706, 1.279) 0.736 |
1.024 (0.763, 1.374) 0.875 |
1.329 (0.991, 1.782) 0.057 |
1.971
c
(1.470, 2.642) <0.001 |
1.059 (0.790, 1.421) 0.700 |
|
| Land use mix (3 land uses) – 0.5 km bf | Weekday | All |
1.583
c
(1.214, 2.063) <0.001 |
1.082 (0.845, 1.385) 0.531 |
0.828 (0.647, 1.059) 0.132 |
1.091 (0.853, 1.394) 0.489 |
1.713
c
(1.340, 2.190) <0.001 |
1.425
b
(1.115, 1.822) 0.005 |
| Weekend | All | 0.737 (0.450, 1.204) 0.223 |
0.939 (0.673, 1.309) 0.709 |
1.111 (0.803, 1.537) 0.527 |
1.272 (0.921, 1.757) 0.144 |
2.235
c
(1.619, 3.086) <0.001 |
1.392
a
(1.007, 1.924) 0.045 |
|
| Ratio retail and civic land area to total bf area – 1 km bf | Weekday | All | No interaction by Time of the Day 1.237 c (1.073, 1.426) <0.001 |
|||||
| Weekend | All |
0.630
c
(0.557, 0.733) <0.001 |
1.061 (0.707, 1.594) 0.774 |
0.874 (0.586, 1.303) 0.507 |
1.551
a
(1.042, 2.310) 0.031 |
1.283 (0.862, 1.910) 0.219 |
0.787 (0.525, 1.180) 0.246 |
|
| Ratio retail and civic land area to total bf area – 0.5 km bf | All | All | No interaction by Time of the Day 0.982 a (0.967, 0.998) 0.028 |
|||||
| Public transport density – 1 km bf (10/km2) | Weekday | All |
1.369
c
(1.287, 1.470) <0.001 |
1.157
c
(1.092, 1.226) <0.001 |
1.088
b
(1.027, 1.152) 0.004 |
1.093
b
(1.032, 1.158) 0.002 |
1.105
c
(1.043, 1.170) <0.001 |
1.088
b
(1.027, 1.152) 0.004 |
| Weekend | All | No interaction by Time of the Day 1.087 c (1.047, 1.127) <0.001 |
||||||
| Public transport density – 0.5 km bf (10/km2) | Weekday | All |
1.189
c
(1.136, 1.243) <0.001 |
1.099
c
(1.054, 1.146) <0.001 |
1.042 (1.000, 1.086) 0.051 |
1.051
a
(1.008, 1.095) 0.019 |
1.063
b
(1.019, 1.107) 0.004 |
1.042 (1.000, 1.086) 0.051 |
| Weekend | All | No interaction by Time of the Day 1.059 c (1.032, 1.086) <0.001 |
||||||
| Street-network distance to nearest transport stop (1 km) | All | All | No interaction by Time of the Day 1.000 (0.979, 1.022) 0.979 |
|||||
| No. parks contained or intersected by bf – 1 km bf | All | All |
1.033
c
(1.020, 1.047) <0.001 |
1.030
c
(1.019, 1.041) <0.001 |
1.021
c
(1.010, 1.032) <0.001 |
1.024
c
(1.013, 1.036) <0.001 |
1.030
c
(1.018, 1.041) <0.001 |
1.001 (0.991, 1.012) 0.787 |
| No. parks contained or intersected by bf – 0.5 km bf | All | All |
1.098
c
(1.061, 1.137) <0.001 |
1.079
c
(1.048, 1.110) <0.001 |
1.041
b
(1.012, 1.071) 0.006 |
1.043
b
(1.014, 1.074) 0.004 |
1.057
c
(1.027, 1.088) <0.001 |
0.993 (0.965, 1.022) 0.641 |
Notes: bf = buffer eb = antilogarithm of regression coefficient; 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were adjusted for respondents’ age, gender, marital status, educational attainment, employment status, administrative-unit socio-economic status, study city, accelerometer wear time, time of the day, day of the week, and employment status by time of the day by time of the week interaction. eb is to be interpreted as the proportional increase in physical activity associated with a 1-unit increase in the predictor. a p < .05; b p < .01; c p < .001. Significant effects in bold