Table 2.

Hospital and community-based survey on human cysticercosis and estimated true prevalence of cysticercosis in Vietnam

Reference	Research period	Research location	Regional location	Diagnosis technique	Participant or patient (n)	Apparent prevalence (%) [95% CI]a	Prior information			True prevalence (%) [95% CrI]b
							Referred diagnosis technique	Sensitivity (%) [95% CI]	Specificity (%) [95% CI]
Verle et al. [71]	1999	Hoa Binh	North	Biopsy of subcutaneous nodules	2522	1c				na
NIMPE [33]	2000–2011	NIMPE	National	na	2,687d	na				na
Taylor et al. [73]	2007–2008	National hospital	North	Cranial radiology	352	0.3				na
Anh Tuan et al. [49]	1992–2000	Ho Chi Minh hospitals	South	Antibody-ELISA	3814	4.30 [3.70–4.99]	Antibody-ELISAe	65.0	63.0	0.89 [0.16–2.53]
Erhart et al. [48]	1999	Bac Ninh	North	Antigen-ELISA	210	5.71 [3.29–9.72]				3.99 [1.24–8.27]
Doanh et al. [47]	1999–2000	Bac Ninh	North	Antigen-ELISA	597	5.02 [3.54–7.08]				2.90 [0.78–5.95]
Somers et al. [25]	2003–2004	Bac Kan, Hai Duong, Ha Tinh	North	Antigen-ELISA	707	2.40 [1.50–3.81]				0.86 [0.10–2.67]
Huong [35]	2005	Ha Giang	North	Antigen-ELISA	97	13.40 [0.80–21.58]	Antigen-ELISAf	87.0 [62–98]	95.0 [90–99]	13.27 [11.08–15.76]
Trung et al. [74]	2007–2010	Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, Dien Bien, Ha Giang, Lai Chau, Lang Son, Tuyen Quang	North	Antigen-ELISA	758g	6.00 [5.00–8.00]				3.74 [1.26–7.22]

Abbreviation: na not applicable

^aConfidence interval

^bCredible interval

^cCase of cysticercosis

^dNumbers of patients

^eSensitivity and specificity of Antibody-ELISA based on Diaz et al. [65]

^fSensitivity and specificity of Antigen-ELISA based on Coral-Almeida et al. [69]

^gParticipants have chronic headache and epilepsy