Table 2.

Summary estimates of included studies

Characteristics	Studies	TB patients	Combined effect (95%Cl)	P-value
Study population
Studies ≥100 patients	11	150,672	1.9% (1.9% - 2%)	<0.001
Studies <100 patients	5	393	7.9% (5.2% -10.6%)
Geographic region
Studies from various regions	14	2051	4.6% (3.7% - 5.5%)	0.016
National level surveys	2	149,014	1.9% (1.8% - 2%)
MDR-MTB isolation
Culture only	8	150,020	1.9% (1.9% - 2%)	0.010
Mixeda	8	1045	4.3% (3.1% - 5.5%)
Types of patients
New cases	14	146,320	2% (1% - 2%)	<0.001
Previously treated cases	12	7584	15% (12% - 17%)
All studies	16	151,065	6% (4% - 8%)

Keys: ^aCulture and molecular tests, SE standard error, CI confidence interval