Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the association between age at CMV infection and exposure variables, stratified by ethnic group
| White British | Age at CMV infection | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) n = 379 |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) n = 379 |
|||
| by 12 mths | 12–24 mths | uninfected at 24 mths | |||||
| All children, n = 391 | 36 (9%) | 25 (6%) | 330 (84%) | ||||
| Birth order (391) | 1 | 20 (11%) | 7 (4%) | 157 (85%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 11 (9%) | 12 (9%) | 105 (82%) | 1.21 (0.66–2.22) | 1.19 (0.65–2.18) | 0.81 (0.38–1.70) | |
| 3+ | 5 (6%) | 6 (8%) | 68 (86%) | 0.90 (0.42–1.91) | 0.80 (0.37–1.74) | 0.47 (0.14–1.52) | |
| Total household members at baseline (390) | median IQR, range |
3 2–3.5, 2–8 |
3 2–4, 1–6 |
3 2–3, 1–8 |
1.15 (0.91–1.46) | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) | 1.42 (1.01–1.99) |
| Duration of breastfeeding (390) | never | 7 (7%) | 5 (5%) | 90 (88%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| <=4 weeks | 7 (7%) | 7 (7%) | 85 (86%) | 1.22 (0.53–2.78) | 1.10 (0.48–2.55) | 1.16 (0.47–2.82) | |
| 1–6 months | 4 (4%) | 5 (5%) | 86 (91%) | 0.77 (0.31–1.93) | 0.78 (0.31–1.93) | 0.89 (0.33–2.40) | |
| 6–12 months | 12 (19%) | 8 (12%) | 45 (69%) | 3.29 (1.49–7.28) | 3.20 (1.45–7.10) | 4.03 (1.54–10.52) | |
| >12 months | 6 (21%) | 0 | 23 (79%) | 2.18 (0.74–6.45) | 2.08 (0.70–6.16) | 4.05 (1.19–13.78) | |
| Bedroom sharing in first year (389) | no | 18 (8%) | 14 (6%) | 188 (85%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| yes | 18 (11%) | 11 (6%) | 140 (83%) | 1.23 (0.71–2.12) | 1.22 (0.70–2.11) | 1.67 (0.85–3.26) | |
| Formal child care up to 12 m visit (381) | No childcare | 13 (8%) | 6 (4%) | 142 (88%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| <1165 total hours | 3 (9%) | 0 | 31 (91%) | 0.74 (0.21–2.67) | 0.74 (0.21–2.65) | 0.90 (0.23–3.57) | |
| > = 1165 total hours | 11 (12%) | 16 (17%) | 68 (71%) | 2.69 (1.41–5.15) | 2.71 (1.42–5.18) | 3.63 (1.61–8.17) | |
| No formal (only informal) | 9 (9%) | 2 (2%) | 80 (88%) | 1.05 (0.47–2.31) | 1.04 (0.47–2.29) | 1.39 (0.59–3.32) | |
| Informal child care up to 12 m visit (376) | No childcare | 13 (8%) | 6 (4%) | 142 (88%) | 1.0 | - | - |
| <1165 total hours | 10 (8%) | 5 (4%) | 104 (87%) | 1.08 (0.52–2.22) | |||
| > = 1165 total hours | 3 (20%) | 0 | 12 (80%) | 2.05 (0.53–7.96) | |||
| No informal (only formal) | 8 (9%) | 14 (17%) | 59 (73%) | 2.52 (1.28–4.96) | |||
| Mother and baby activities in first year (389) | Rarely | 22 (11%) | 13 (6%) | 174 (83%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| At least once a month | 14 (8%) | 12 (7%) | 154 (86%) | 0.83 (0.48–1.43) | 0.87 (0.50–1.51) | 0.74 (0.39–1.40) | |
| Maternal age at recruitment (391) | Mean, SD, range | 27.9, 6.1 15–38 |
30.1, 5.7 18–43 |
29.0, 6.0 16–43 |
0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) |
| Home ownership (391) | Yes | 20 (8%) | 15 (6%) | 210 (86%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 16 (11%) | 10 (7%) | 120 (82%) | 1.31 (0.75–2.27) | 1.31 (0.75–2.28) | 2.07 (0.99–4.35) | |
| Age 24 m blood sample taken (mths) (391) | 23.59–24.99 | 6 (7%) | 3 (4%) | 75 (89%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 25–26.99 | 23 (10%) | 19 (8%) | 186 (82%) | 1.84 (0.86–3.96) | 2.11 (0.95–4.71) | 1.60 (0.68–3.77) | |
| 27–32.89 | 7 (9%) | 3 (4%) | 69 (87%) | 1.22 (0.47–3.17) | 1.38 (0.51–3.69) | 0.95 (0.33–2.76) | |
| Pakistani | by 12 mths | 12–24 mths | uninfected at 24 mths | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) n = 466 |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) n = 466 |
|
| All children, n = 472 | 162 (34%) | 47 (10%) | 263 (56%) | ||||
| Birth order (472) | 1 | 63 (50%) | 14 (11%) | 49 (39%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 31 (29%) | 13 (12%) | 63 (59%) | 0.43 (0.26–0.72) | 0.43 (0.26–0.71) | 0.41 (0.23–0.73) | |
| 3+ | 68 (29%) | 20 (8%) | 151 (63%) | 0.38 (0.25–0.58) | 0.37 (0.24–0.56) | 0.37 (0.22–0.64) | |
| Total household members at baseline (472) | median IQR, range |
5 4–7, 2–12 |
5 4–7, 2–16 |
5 4–6, 2–12 |
1.09 (1.01–1.18) | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) |
| Duration of breastfeeding (468) | never | 7 (8%) | 7 (8%) | 70 (84%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| <=4 weeks | 20 (22%) | 10 (11%) | 61 (67%) | 2.49 (1.22–5.08) | 2.53 (1.24–5.17) | 2.60 (1.22–5.53) | |
| 1–6 months | 45 (37%) | 7 (6%) | 69 (57%) | 4.27 (2.18–8.36) | 4.27 (2.18–8.36) | 3.61 (1.79–7.27) | |
| 6–12 months | 51 (50%) | 12 (12%) | 39 (38%) | 8.34 (4.21–16.51) | 8.53 (4.30–16.92) | 7.38 (3.61–15.10) | |
| >12 months | 37 (53%) | 11 (16%) | 22 (31%) | 10.03 (4.85–20.75) | 10.04 (4.85–20.77) | 12.57 (5.81–27.19) | |
| Bedroom sharing in the first year (468) | no | 8 (26%) | 2 (6%) | 21 (68%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| yes | 153 (35%) | 45 (10%) | 239 (55%) | 1.68 (0.78–3.63) | 1.68 (0.78–3.62) | 1.60 (0.69–3.71) | |
| Any regular child care arrangement up to 12 m visit (468) | no | 139 (34%) | 39 (10%) | 227 (56%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| yes | 22 (35%) | 8 (13%) | 33 (52%) | 1.10 (0.66–1.84) | 1.14 (0.68–1.91) | 1.23 (0.67–2.25) | |
| Mother and baby activities in the first year (468) | Rarely | 146 (36%) | 40 (9%) | 219 (54%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| At least once a month | 15 (24%) | 7 (11%) | 41 (65%) | 0.61 (0.35–1.05) | 0.61 (0.35–1.05) | 0.65 (0.35–1.19) | |
| Travel outside Europe by 12 m visit (469) | No | 134 (36%) | 40 (11%) | 203 (54%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| yes | 27 (29%) | 7 (7%) | 58 (63%) | 0.71 (0.45–1.12) | 0.72 (0.45–1.14) | 0.52 (0.31–0.87) | |
| Maternal age at recruitment (472) | Mean, SD, range | 28.2, 5.02 17–42 |
27.6, 4.19 19–36 |
29.3, 5.55 17–44 |
0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) |
| Mother’s country of birth (472) | UK or Ireland | 47 (26%) | 19 (11%) | 111 (63%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Elsewhere | 115 (39%) | 28 (9%) | 152 (52%) | 1.64 (1.13–2.38) | 1.68 (1.15–2.44) | 1.87 (1.20–2.92) | |
| Home ownership (472) | Yes | 94 (31%) | 30 (10%) | 183 (59%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 68 (41%) | 17 (10%) | 80 (49%) | 1.58 (1.09–2.28) | 1.56 (1.08–2.26) | 1.27 (0.83–1.94) | |
| Age 24 m blood sample taken (mths) (472) | 23.59–24.99 | 27 (30%) | 6 (7%) | 58 (64%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 25–26.99 | 88 (37%) | 29 (12%) | 123 (51%) | 1.56 (0.96–2.54) | 1.50 (0.92–2.45) | 1.22 (0.71–2.12) | |
| 27–32.89 | 47 (33%) | 12 (9%) | 82 (58%) | 1.24 (0.73–2.12) | 1.19 (0.70–2.04) | 0.91 (0.49–1.69) | |
CMV cytomegalovirus; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; IQR inter-quartile range