Table 2. Rate estimates for neonatal mortality, Cambodia (2000–2014).
| Background characteristic | Deaths per 1000 live births (95% C.I) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2014 | |||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 34.1 | (30.5–37.6) | 30.0 | (26.1–33.8) | 26.7 | (23.1–30.4) | 20.1 | (15.8–24.3) |
| Male | 44.0 | (39.3–48.7) | 42.4 | (38.1–46.8) | 35.6 | (30.5–40.7) | 22.1 | (17.4–26.7) |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 27.0 | (20.7–33.3) | 28.6 | (23.0–34.3) | 11.1 | (8.0–14.3) | 9.6 | (5.9–13.3) |
| Rural | 40.9 | (37.3–44.6) | 37.4 | (33.8–41.1) | 34.9 | (30.7–39.1) | 22.9 | (20–25.9) |
| Region | ||||||||
| Phnom Penh | 14.0 | (5.5–22.5) | 24.4 | (13.0–35.8) | 8.3 | (2.0–14.6) | 13.1 | (3.9–22.2) |
| Plain | 43.0 | (37.2–48.7) | 39.6 | (33.0–46.3) | 33.6 | (27.8–39.4) | 23.0 | (17.2–28.8) |
| Great Lake | 40.9 | (36.2–45.6) | 33.3 | (28.8–37.3) | 30.7 | (25.6–35.7) | 19.0 | (14.8–23.2) |
| Coastal | 40.5 | (30.5–50.5) | 37.1 | (28.0–46.2) | 36.2 | (24.4–48.0) | 20.2 | (12.8–27.6) |
| Plateau/Mountain | 32.4 | (27.1–37.7) | 39.1 | (33.0–45.3) | 35.7 | (28.7–42.6) | 24.8 | (19.5–30.1) |
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||
| Lowest | 39.9 | (34.0–45.9) | 36.3 | (30.1–42.5) | 38.2 | (30.7–45.7) | 22.5 | (16.0–29.0) |
| Second | 41.2 | (36.0–46.4) | 41.4 | (33.1–49.7) | 37.7 | (30.7–44.8) | 26.9 | (19.7–34.0) |
| Middle | 43.0 | (35.9–50.0) | 45.0 | (37.2–52.8) | 30.8 | (22.0–39.5) | 23.2 | (16.7–29.8) |
| Fourth | 40.4 | (33.0–47.8) | 31.8 | (24.7–38.9) | 29.2 | (18.4–40.0) | 20.5 | (13.1–27.9) |
| Highest | 27.0 | (19.4–34.5) | 21.6 | (14.4–28.9) | 14.1 | (8.9–19.3) | 11.0 | (5.6–16.3) |
| Mother education | ||||||||
| Lowest | 42.2 | (38.0–46.5) | 41.5 | (34.9–48.0) | 35.0 | (27.3–42.7) | 22.4 | (16.9–27.9) |
| Primary | 39.9 | (35.6–44.2) | 37.4 | (32.7–42.1) | 34.0 | (29.5–38.5) | 22.0 | (17.3–26.6) |
| Secondary + | 26.5 | (19.7–33.3) | 23.1 | (16.7–29.6) | 20.3 | (14.0–26.6) | 18.5 | (13.5–23.6) |
| Mother age at birth | ||||||||
| <20 | 45.2 | (34.5–55.9) | 48.2 | (37.1–59.3) | 49.9 | (35.1–64.7) | 20.0 | (12.7–27.3) |
| 20–35 | 37.5 | (33.7–41.3) | 33.1 | (29.7–36.5) | 24.3 | (20.9–27.6) | 19.1 | (16.2–22.1) |
| >35 | 45.0 | (34.4–55.6) | 42.3 | (33.5–51.1) | 61.7 | (48.5–74.8) | 42.1 | (29.7–54.5) |
| Birth order | ||||||||
| First born | 39.4 | (32.3–46.5) | 37.2 | (30.0–44.5) | 31.1 | (25.1–37.0) | 18.6 | (14.1–23.1) |
| 2–3 | 37.2 | (31.9–42.5) | 31.0 | (26.0–35.9) | 25.7 | (20.7–30.6) | 17.8 | (14.0–21.6) |
| 4–6 | 34.7 | (29.8–39.5) | 34.2 | (28.2–40.2) | 34.2 | (26.6–41.7) | 22.1 | (15.5–28.8) |
| 7+ | 52.6 | (43.6–61.6) | 57.4 | (45.4–69.4) | 59.9 | (42.5–77.4) | 75.9 | (43.4–108.4) |
| Preceding birth interval | ||||||||
| Short (<24) | 62.6 | (54.7–70.5) | 71.4 | (59.8–83.0) | 57.8 | (44.7–71.0) | 42.4 | (27.9–56.9) |
| Long (24+) | 29.6 | (26.4–32.9) | 25.2 | (22.1–28.3) | 24.8 | (20.7–28.9) | 17.9 | (12.7–19.6) |
| Number of antenatal visit | ||||||||
| 0 | 27.7 | (20.9–34.5) | 21.5 | (14.9–28.1) | 46.5 | (28.8–64.1) | 51.0 | (20.8–81.2) |
| 1–3 | 21.0 | (14.5–27.4) | 18.6 | (12.8–24.5) | 22.1 | (12.9–31.3) | 16.2 | (5.5–26.9) |
| 4+ | 12.4 | (2.1–22.7) | 11.4 | (5.5–17.3) | 12.1 | (7.5–16.7) | 8.5 | (5.2–11.9) |
| Two or more tetanus injections before pregnancy | ||||||||
| Yes | 41.8 | (35.6–47.9) | 37.3 | (31.4–43.2) | 32.0 | (27.2–36.7) | 21.5 | (16.6–26.4) |
| No | 38.7 | (34.9–42.4) | 36.2 | (30.7–41.8) | 31.7 | (26.4–37.0) | 23.0 | (16.6–29.5) |
| Skilled assistance at birth | ||||||||
| Yes | 41.0 | (34.3–47.6) | 34.3 | (28.3–40.3) | 30.1 | (25.2–35.0) | 20.7 | (16.9–24.4) |
| No | 38.9 | (34.3–43.4) | 38.5 | (32.8–44.3) | 35.9 | (29.5–42.3) | 32.5 | (20.9–44.2) |
| Total | 39.1 | (36.1–42.2) | 36.3 | (32.6–39.9) | 31.3 | (27.2–35.4) | 21.1 | (17.9–24.3) |
Note: Number of antenatal visits, tetanus injection and skilled assistance at birth were computed only for the last birth.