Figure 6.

AAT reduces serum C-peptide and TAT levels and inhibits inflammatory cells infiltration to human islet grafts. A: Serum C-peptide levels in AAT-treated and control (Ctrl) recipients 1, 3, and 6 h PT as measured by ELISA. B: Change of plasma TAT levels in AAT and Ctrl mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. Ctrl by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni correction. C: Less neutrophil infiltration was identified in AAT grafts compared with control grafts 6 h PT. Serial paraffin sections of an islet graft were stained with anti-insulin (left) and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase staining (right). The dashed line illustrates islets with positive insulin staining, and arrowheads point to neutrophils. Scale bars = 100 μm. D: Number of neutrophils per islets in AAT and control mice (n = 20 per group) 6 h after islet transplant. E: Representative photomicrographs show more infiltrated macrophages surrounding Ctrl vs. AAT islet grafts as identified by staining with the anti-F4/80 antibody 6 h after islet transplantation. Green staining identifies macrophages, red staining identifies insulin⁺ cells, and blue represents nuclei. *P < 0.05 AAT vs. Ctrl by Student t test.