Table 2. Study outcomes (N = 433) of included RCTs (Detailed table per CVAD type in S4 Table).

Reported Study Outcomes		Totals
Catheter complications, N (%)		99 (22.9%)
Thrombosis	29 (6.7%)
Occlusion	23 (5.3%)
Mechanical failure a	15 (3.4%)
Early removal	14 (3.3%)
Dwell time	12 (2.8%)
Complication rate (not specified)	5 (1.2%)
Local edema/ inflammation	1 (0.2%)
Patient outcomes, N (%)		29 (6.6%)
Pain scores	14 (3.2%)
Patient satisfaction/ Quality of life	6 (1.4%)
Vital signs	3 (0.7%)
Mortality rate	3 (0.7%)
Psychological distress	1 (0.2%)
Patient comprehension	1 (0.2%)
Self-management ability	1 (0.2%)
Catheter insertion outcomes, N (%)		101 (23.3%)
Successful placement measures	47 (10.9%)
Insertion-related complications	39 (9.0%)
Insertion success: performance scores	13 (3.0%)
Use of ultrasound	1 (0.2%)
Requirement for repositioning	1 (0.2%)
Infective outcomes, N (%)		161 (37.2%)
Catheter-related blood stream infection	47 (10.9%)
Catheter-related infection	29 (6.7%)
CVAD tip colonization	29 (6.7%)
Contamination/ colonization of non-catheter materials including skin and hub	20 (4.6%)
Systemic infection/sepsis/ fever	18 (4.2%)
Local infection/ exit-site infection/phlebitis	17 (3.9%)
Microbial biofilm	1 (0.2%)
Patency-related outcomes, N (%)		10 (2.3)
Patency	5 (1.2%)
Thrombolytic/ fibrinolysis injection	4 (0.9%)
Anticoagulant treatment	1 (0.2%)
Intervention-related outcomes, N (%)		21 (4.8%)
Side effects/ tolerability	16 (3.7%)
Bleeding	4 (0.9%)
Skin necrosis	1 (0.2%)
Health service-related outcomes, N (%)		12 (2.8%)
Health economics/cost	12 (2.8%)
TOTAL		433 (100%)

^a Mechanical failures include migration, catheter defects, malfunction, infiltration, skin fixation failure, dislocation, fracture and other.