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. 2017 Jan 27;39(3):549–558. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2870

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Copyright: © Hu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Postulated mechanism for the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of interleukin (IL)-1β by macrophage-like J774 cells. LPS induces the expression of pro-IL-1β in the TLR4 pathway. Alternatively, intracellular DNA, which is derived from phagocytosed NETs, activates caspase-1 and caspase-8 via absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2). The activated caspase-1 and caspase-8 process and release IL-1β. Moreover, NET-associated serine proteases [e.g., proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase (NE)] likely participate in the NET/LPS-induced IL-1β production by processing IL-1β. NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB.