Table 3.
Serum metabolites positively associated with gut permeability (L:M ratio).
| Metabolite | Description |
|---|---|
| Lactose | disaccharide in human milk |
| 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-oleoyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine (P-16:0/18:1) | glycerophosphoethanolamine |
| 4-imidazoleacetate | histidine metabolite |
| 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-oleoyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine (P-18:0/18:1) | glycerophosphoethanolamine |
| Phenylacetylglutamate | can be formed from phenylacetylglutamine |
| 3-hydroxybutrylcarnitine | acylcarnitine, C:4-OH |
| Caprylate (8:0) | 8 carbon saturated fatty acid, in human milk |
| Phenylacetylglutamine | formed by the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine |
| N-acetyl-beta-alanine | beta amino acid |
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate | metabolite related to leucine degradation and ketogenesis |
| N2-N2-dimethylguanosine | primary degradation product of tRNA |
| Homocitrulline | ornithine metabolite |
| Acetylcarnitine | acylcarnitine, C:2 |
| 7-methylguanine | metabolite of DNA methylation and depurination |
| Octanoylcarnitine | acylcarnitine, C:8 |
| Hexanoylcarnitine | acylcarnitine, C:6 |
| 5-dodecenoate (12:1n7) | intermediate in β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids |
| Deoxycarnitine | metabolic precursor of carnitine |
| 4-hydroxyphenylacetate | tyrosine metabolite |
| 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-archidonoyl-GPE (P-16:0/20:4) | glycerophosphoethanolamine |
| 4-acetamidobutanoate | member of gamma amino acids and derivatives |
| 3-hydroxydecanoate | intermediate in β-oxidation of fatty acids |
| Adipoylcarnitine | acylcarnitine, C:6-DC |
| Trimethylamine N-oxide | oxidation product of trimethylamine |
| Decanoylcarnitine | acylcarnitine, C:10 |
| Caprate (10:0) | 10 carbon medium chain saturated fatty acid |
| cis-4-decenoylcarnitine | acylcarnitine, C10:1 |
| 3-hydroxyoctanoate | dicarboxylic acid derived from ω-oxidation of fatty acids |
| 4-hydroxyphenylacetylglutamine | formed from conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine |
| 3-hydroxylaurate | intermediate in β-oxidation of fatty acids |
| 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-archidonoyl-GPE (P-18:0/20:4) | glycerophosphoethanolamine |
| 3-hydroxysebacate | dicarboxylic acid derived from ω-oxidation of fatty acids |
| Orotidine | intermediate in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis |
| 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5) | acylcarnitine, 2-M-C4:0 |
| 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-linoleoyl-GPE (P-16:0/18:2) | glycerophosphoethanolamine |
| 3-methyladipate | metabolite from ω-oxidation of phytanic acid |
| Phenylacetate | fatty acid metabolite of phenylalanine |
| Butyrylcarnitine | acylcarnitine, C:4 |
| N-acetylalliin | alanine derivative |
| 3-hydroxyhexanoate | hydroxyl fatty acid |
| S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) | product of methylation reactions of S-adenosylmethionine |
| 10-undecenoate (11:1n1) | odd-chain fatty acid |
| cystathionine | formed from transsulfuration of homocysteine |
| 3-aminoisobutyrate | formed from catabolism of thymine |
| Taurine | derived from cysteine, major component of bile |
| Sebacate (decanedioate) | dicarboxylic acid derived from ω-oxidation of fatty acids |
| Maleate | dicarboxylic acid |
| Xanthine | product of purine degradation |
| 10-nonadecenoate (19:1n9) | odd-chain fatty acid |
| Hexanoylglutamine | α-amino acid conjugated with hexanoyl group |
| 17-methylstearate | medium chain iso-fatty acid |
| 10-heptadecenoate (17:1n7) | odd-chain fatty acid |
| Myristoleate (14:1n5) | Ω-5 fatty acid |
| Vanillactate | product of catecholamine degradation |
| Margarate (17:0) | odd-chain fatty acid |
| Succinate | intermediate in the citric acid cycle |