Table 5.
Fit indices of the five best models for each variable of interest.
| Measure of interest | Model | Formula | WAIC | δWAIC | weight | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CWMS | 1 | M236 | ss × group × vocab | 1912.49 | 0.00 | 0.59 |
| 2 | M313 | ss × age + ss × group + ss × vocab | 1914.53 | 2.03 | 0.21 | |
| 3 | M216 | ss × group + ss × vocab | 1916.38 | 3.88 | 0.08 | |
| 4 | M333 | ss × age × group × vocab | 1917.19 | 4.69 | 0.05 | |
| 5 | M311 | ss × age + ss × educ + ss × group | 1920.38 | 7.89 | 0.01 | |
| Dot Matrix task | 1 | M336 | ss × age × group × vocab | 879.12 | 0.00 | 0.84 |
| 2 | M316 | ss × age + ss × group + ss × vocab | 884.74 | 5.62 | 0.05 | |
| 3 | M233 | ss × age × group | 885.14 | 6.02 | 0.04 | |
| 4 | M413 | ss × age + ss × CWMS baseline + ss × group + ss × vocab | 886.33 | 7.21 | 0.02 | |
| 5 | M213 | ss × age + ss × group | 887.01 | 7.89 | 0.01 | |
| Forward Span task | 1 | M340 | ss × educ × group × vocab | 985.33 | 0.00 | 0.27 |
| 2 | M339 | ss × CWMS baseline × group × vocab | 985.63 | 0.29 | 0.23 | |
| 3 | M336 | ss × age × group × vocab | 986.19 | 0.85 | 0.17 | |
| 4 | M220 | ss × group + ss × vocab | 988.06 | 2.72 | 0.06 | |
| 5 | M316 | ss × age + ss × group + ss × vocab | 988.13 | 2.79 | 0.06 | |
| Backward Span task | 1 | M334 | ss × age × educ × group | 1023.03 | 0.00 | 0.48 |
| 2 | M531 | ss × age × educ × vocab × group × CWMS baseline | 1024.05 | 1.01 | 0.29 | |
| 3 | M336 | ss × age × group × vocab | 1025.06 | 2.02 | 0.17 | |
| 4 | M431 | ss × age × CWMS baseline × educ × group | 1028.94 | 5.90 | 0.02 | |
| 5 | M433 | ss × age × CWMS baseline × group × vocab | 1029.49 | 6.45 | 0.01 | |
| Cattell Test | 1 | M332 | ss × age × CWMS baseline × group | 1747.97 | 0.00 | 0.43 |
| 2 | M233 | ss × age × group | 1749.88 | 1.90 | 0.16 | |
| 3 | M334 | ss × age × educ × group | 1750.31 | 2.33 | 0.13 | |
| 4 | M434 | ss × age × educ × group × vocab | 1751.08 | 3.10 | 0.09 | |
| 5 | M314 | ss × age + ss × educ + ss × group | 1751.45 | 3.47 | 0.07 | |
| Pattern Comp. Task | 1 | M339 | ss × CWMS baseline × group × vocab | 3132.28 | 0.00 | 0.38 |
| 2 | M233 | ss × age × group | 3133.55 | 1.26 | 0.20 | |
| 3 | M114 | ss × group | 3135.60 | 3.31 | 0.07 | |
| 4 | M433 | ss × age × CWMS baseline × group × vocab | 3135.65 | 3.36 | 0.07 | |
| 5 | M332 | ss × age × CWMS baseline × group | 3136.00 | 3.71 | 0.05 | |
| Stroop color index on RTs | 1 | M233 | ss × age × group | 174.18 | 0.00 | 0.22 |
| 2 | M020 | Age | 176.69 | 2.51 | 0.06 | |
| 3 | M111 | ss × age | 176.89 | 2.71 | 0.05 | |
| 4 | M060 | CWMS baseline | 177.35 | 3.17 | 0.04 | |
| 5 | M000 | (1 | subject) | 177.37 | 3.18 | 0.04 | |
| CWMS intrusions | 1 | M332 | ss × age × CWMS baseline × group | 1481.79 | 0.00 | 0.93 |
| 2 | M431 | ss × age × CWMS baseline × educ × group | 1487.59 | 5.79 | 0.05 | |
| 3 | M337 | ss × CWMS baseline × educ × group | 1491.27 | 9.48 | 0.01 | |
| 4 | M433 | ss × age × CWMS baseline × group × vocab | 1492.32 | 10.53 | 0.00 | |
| 5 | M531 | ss × age × educ × vocab × group × CWMS baseline | 1493.49 | 11.70 | 0.00 |
CWMS, Categorization Working Memory Span Task; ss, session; vocab, vocabulary; educ, education; CWMS baseline, baseline performance level; in the Categorization Working Memory Span Task; CWMS intrusions, intrusion errors in the CWMS; WAIC, Widely Applicable Information Criterion (lower values indicate better fit; Watanabe, 2010); δWAIC, Widely Applicable Information Criterion difference between the best model and the others; weigth, Akaike Weight, i.e., an estimate of the probability that the model will make the best prediction on new data conditional on the set of models considered (Burnham et al., 2011; McElreath, 2016).