Table 1.

Study and participant characteristics

References	Country	Journal	Patient number	Patient group	Mean age/weight/ height
Peripheral and central vascular conductance influence on post-exercise hypotension Endo et al. [30]	Japan	J Physiol Anthropol	8	Healthy volunteers (5 males: 3 females)	20–32 years 60 ±  3 kg 169 ± 4 cm
Relationship between reduced lower abdominal blood flows and heart rate in recovery following cycling exercise Osada et al. [37]	Japan	Acta Physiol	11	Healthy male volunteers	24.7 ± 4.8 years 69.2 ± 10.9 kg, 170.4 ± 8.6 cm
Are splanchnic hemodynamics related to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms in Ironman triathletes? Wright et al. [32]	South Africa	Clin J Sport Med	59	Endurance athletes	Symptomatic group: 37.3 ± 9.2 years Controls: 42.3 ± 8.8 years
Differential arterial blood flow response of splanchnic and renal organs during low-intensity cycling exercise in women Endo et al. [29]	Japan	Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physio	8	Female healthy volunteers	21–30 years 53 ± 4 kg 161 ± 4 cm
Reproducibility of ultrasound blood flow measurement of the superior mesenteric artery before and after exercise Peters et al. [38]	The Netherlands	Int J Sports Med	12	Male healthy volunteers	25.9 ± 3.8 years 73.2 ± 8.4 kg $184.3\pm 4.2\text{cm}$
Involvement of the human splanchnic circulation in pressor response induced by handgrip contraction Waaler et al. [41]	Norway	Acta Physiol Scand	7	Healthy students (1 male: 6 females)	23 ± 1 years 63 ± 13 kg 170 ± 7 cm
Reduced blood flow in abdominal viscera measured by Doppler ultrasound during one-legged knee extension Osada et al. [43]	Japan	J Appl Physiol	18	Male healthy volunteers	29 years (20–38) 67 kg (59–73) 170 cm (159–178)
Mesenteric, coeliac and splanchnic blood flow in humans during exercise Perko et al. [39]	Denmark	J Physiol	19	Healthy volunteers	28 years (24–35) 81 kg (57–85) 182 cm (173–191)
Hypotensive and regional haemodynamic effects of exercise, fasted and after food, in human sympathetic denervation Puvi-Rajasingham et al. [33]	UK	Clin Sci (Lond)	12	Patients with autonomic failure (5 males: 7 females)	56 years 78 kg (52–82)
Abnormal regional blood flow responses during and after exercise in human sympathetic denervation Puvi-Rajasingham et al. [44]	UK	J Physiol	17	Eleven patients with autonomic failure Six age-matched controls	Patients: 57 ± 6 years Controls: 56 ± 9 years
Systemic and regional (including superior mesenteric) haemodynamic responses during supine exercise while fasted and fed in normal man Puvi-Rajasingham et al. [34]	UK	Clin Res	10	Healthy volunteers	32 years (22–60) 62 kg (50–77)
Influence of central command and ergoreceptors on the splanchnic circulation during isometric exercise Duprez et al. [42]	Belgium	Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol	10	Healthy volunteers	21.1 years 68 kg 179 cm
Priority of blood flow to splanchnic organs in humans during pre- and post-meal exercise Eriksen and Waaler [28]	Norway	Acta Physiol Scand	5	Healthy volunteers	Median age 23
Abnormality of superior mesenteric artery blood flow responses in human Chaudhuri et al. [35]	UK	J Physiol	23	Thirteen patients autonomic failure; ten age-matched controls	Patients: 56 years (46–72) Controls: 52 years (36–68)
Regional blood flow in chronic heart failure: the reason for the lack of correlation between patients’ exercise tolerance and cardiac output? Muller et al. [36]	UK	Br Heart J	40	Thirty patients with chronic heart failure (27 males) Ten healthy volunteers (8 males)	Patients: 67 years Controls: 49 years
Effects of exercise on mesenteric blood flow in man Qamar and Read [40]	UK	Gut	46	Healthy volunteers 16 fasting exercise, 15 exercise + meal, 15 meal alone (28 males: 18 females)	Fasting group: 25.6 years (19–52) 65.9 kg (52–86) Meal group 25.5 years (19–36) Control group 26 years (21–39)