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Measurement of a) IL-8, b) IL-6 and c) GM-CSF release by BEAS-2B cells stimulated with cholic acid for 48 h. Data are presented as mean±sem (n=6). ELISA measured cytokine secretion in cell supernatants. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test. p-values of 0.05 or less were regarded as significant. C: control; IL: interleukin; GM-CSF: granulocyte−macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
