Figure 1.

Coiling response of Cayratia japonica to conspecific and heterospecific leaves. (a) The results of the no-choice experiment. The tendrils that contacted a bamboo stick (the control), a stick wrapped with a fresh conspecific (Cons) leaf, a fresh heterospecific leaf (CS, Conyza sumatrensis; BN, Boehmeria nivea; SV, Setaria viridis; SC, Solidago canadensis; and PL, Pueraria lobata), a dried conspecific leaf, a mesh-covered conspecific leaf, or a conspecific stem at 5 h after the start of the experiment. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). (b) Observations in the field. The tendrils coiled around P. lobate (upper left) and Se. viridis (upper right) and did not coil around the conspecific leaf (bottom). (c) Temporal changes in the coiling angle in the choice experiment. Data are shown for Se. viridis as the heterospecific plant. Each line represents the coiling response of an individual tendril at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after the start of the experiment. Circle size is proportional to the number of tendrils that achieved a given degree of coiling.