Table 2.
Demographic characteristics and prevalence rates of high EK10- and PAID5-scores of respondents divided by ethnicity (n = 575).
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 575) | Native Dutch (n = 284) | Moroccan (n = 73) | Turkish (n = 32) | Surinamese (n = 63) | Otherc (n = 108) | Missinga (n = 10) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | ||
| Gender | |||||||
| Men | 315 (55.3%) | 147 (51.8%) | 43 (58.9%) | 17 (53.1%) | 34 (54.0%) | 65 (60.2%) | |
| Women | 255 (44.7%) | 137 (48.2%) | 30 (41.1%) | 15 (46.9%) | 29 (46.0%) | 43 (39.8%) | |
| Mean age (SD) | 58.5 (14.0) | 60.4 (15.2) | 52.2 (13.9)d | 52.2 (15.5)d | 59.1 (11.8) | 59.6 (12.9) | |
| HbA1c % (mmol/mol) | 7.8% (62) | 7.7% (61) | 8.0% (64) | 8.6% (70)d | 8.3% (67)d | 7.6% (60) | |
| BMI | 30.1 (6.5) | 29.6 (6.7) | 30.3 (7.2) | 34.7 (5.9)e | 30.4 (5.2) | 29.8 (6.2) | |
| Socioeconomic status | |||||||
| Nonlow | 360 (62.5%) | 205 (72.2%) | 24 (32.9%) | 12 (37.5%) | 41 (65.1%) | 74 (68.5%) | |
| Low | 205 (35.6%) | 79 (27.8%) | 49 (67.1%)d | 19 (59.4%)d | 22 (34.9%) | 34 (31.5%) | |
| Type 1 DM | 140 (24.5%) | 93 (32.7%) | 21 (28.8%) | 4 (12.5%) | 6 (9.5%) | 15 (14.2%) | |
| Type 2 DM | 422 (74.8%) | 189 (66.3%) | 52 (71.2%) | 28 (87.5%) | 57 (90.5%)d | 89 (84.0%)d | |
| LADAb | 4 (0.7%) | 2 (0.7%) | — | — | — | 2 (1.9%) | |
| Comorbid diseases | |||||||
| None | 251 (43.3%) | 126 (44.5%) | 37 (52.9%) | 17 (53.1%) | 19 (30.6%) | 42 (40.0%) | |
| 1 or more | 324 (55.1%) | 157 (55.5%) | 33 (47.1%) | 15 (46.9%) | 43 (69.4%) | 63 (60.0%) | |
| Complications | |||||||
| None | 208 (36.2%) | 105 (37.1%) | 24 (33.3%) | 16 (50.0%) | 19 (30.6%) | 37 (34.6%) | |
| 1 | 218 (37.9%) | 100 (35.3%) | 34 (47.2%) | 8 (25.0%) | 24 (38.7%) | 45 (42.1%) | |
| 2 or more | 149 (25.9%) | 78 (27.6%) | 14 (19.4%) | 8 (25.0%) | 19 (30.6%) | 25 (23.3%) | |
| EK10 depression ≥ 20 (%) |
13.5% | 9.4% | 27.3% | 34.5% | 20.4% | 6.3% | |
| EK10 anxiety ≥ 1 (%) |
37.8% | 32.1% | 57.6% | 51.6% | 50.8% | 29.1% | |
| PAID5 ≥ 8 (%) |
19.3% | 12.5% | 42.6% | 34.5% | 22.0% | 15.4% |
aDid not report ethnicity in questionnaire.
bLatent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
cAll other reported ethnic backgrounds.
d p < .05 compared to native Dutch.
e p < .05 compared to all other ethnic backgrounds.