Fig. 2. The l-phenylalanine methyl ester (ME) and benzyl ester (BE) were used as template and dummy template in this study. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA), divinylbenzene (DVB) and N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BMA) were employed as cross-linkers whilst methacrylic acid (MA), acrylamide (AA), 1-(4-vinylphenyl)-3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea (U), 4-vinylpyridine (VP), 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (PBA) and 4-vinylbenzoic acid (VBA) were used as functional monomers.