Table 1.
A summary of the biological characteristics of Leishmania martiniquensis and Leishmania siamensis
| L. martiniquensis | L. siamensis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Reference | Characteristic | Reference | |
| Geographical distribution | Martinique island/French West Indies (human cases) | 11 | Thailand (a human case) | 14 |
| Thailand (human cases) | 15, 18–20, 22, 26–29 | |||
| Germany, Switzerland (horses, cow) | 16, 17 | |||
| United States (a horse) | 21 | |||
| Myanmar (human cases) | 20, 23 | |||
| Clinical type in HIV seronegative | VL | 15, 22 | ||
| CL | 20, 23 | |||
| Clinical type in HIV seropositive | DCL and VL | 19, 20, 26, 28 | DCL and VL | 14 |
| VL | 18, 27, 30 | |||
| CL | 20 | |||
| Clinical type in animals | CL* | 16, 17, 21 | No data | |
| Size of amastigote (light microscopy) | Diameter: 3.99 ± 0.48 μm | 11 | No data | |
| Axenic in vitro cultivation | SDM79 medium supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum, 7 μg/mL hemin, and 2.5 μg/mL 6-biopterin or NNN medium or Schneider's medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum | 11 | NNN medium or Schneider's media supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum | Unpublished data |
| Size of promastigote in culture | Body length: 9.44 ± 3.02 μm; body width: 2.20 ± 0.63 μm; flagellum length: 11.59 ± 3.63 μm | 11 | Body length: 7.29 + 1.53 μm; body width: 1.22 + 0.29 μm; flagellum length: 9.80 + 2.52 μm | Unpublished data |
| Enzyme profiles* | MDH150, ME45, ICD95, PGD87, G6PD78, GLUD300, DIA30, NP100, NP285, GOT1170, GOT200, GM104, FH65, MPI,13GPI52 | 11 | MDH112, ME70, ICD100, PGD140, G6PD85, GLUD260, DIA20, NP100, NP2120, GOT1122, GOT2122, PGM109/96, FH60, MPI137, GPI88/76 | Unpublished data |
| WHO Code | MHOM/MQ/92/MAR1 | 11 | MHOM/TH/2010/TR | Unpublished data |
| MHOM/TH/2011/PG (enzyme profiles similar to those of MHOM/MQ/92/MAR1) | Unpublished data | |||
| Zymodeme | MON-229 [MHOM/MQ/92/MAR1] | 11 | MON-324 | Unpublished data |
| MON-229 [MHOM/TH/2011/PG] | Unpublished data | |||
| Molecular typing | RNA polymerase (AF32698) | 13 | Elongation initiation factor 2 a-subunit (JQ586200) | 14 |
| DNA polymerase (AF326983) | 13 | Spermidine synthase 1 (JQ586201) | ||
| 18S rRNA (AF303938) | 11 | RNA polymerase II largest subunit (JQ586202) | ||
| Phylogenetic analysis | Closely related to Leishmania enrietti complex | 27 | Closely related to Leishmania enrietti complex | 14 |
| Experimental vertebrate host | Infective to BALB/c mice and amastigotes were detected in the popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and brain | 31 | No data | |
| Potential animal reservoir | Black rats (Rattus rattus) (detection by PCR in blood, liver, and spleen) | 25 | No data | |
| Potential sandfly vector | Sergentomyia gemmea, Sergentomyia barraudi (detection by PCR in sandfly) | 24, 25 | No data | |
BALB/c mice = an albino, laboratory-bred strain of the house; CL = cutaneous leishmaniasis; DCL = diffused cutaneous leishmaniasis; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; NNN = Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; VL = visceral leishmaniasis; WHO = World Health Organization.
*
Isoenzyme analysis was performed at French Reference Center on Leishmaniasis, UMR5290, Montpellier, France.