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. 2017 Mar 14;11:15. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00015

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Copyright © 2017 Song and Geyer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Spinal reflex-control model of human locomotion. The sagittal plane components of a 3-D model (Song and Geyer, 2015a) are adopted for the current study. The model mainly uses proprioceptive reflexes to control nine major muscle groups per leg, including hamstrings (HAM), rectus femoris (RF), vasti (VAS), gastrocnemius (GAS), soleus (SOL), and tibialis anterior (TA). The activations of these muscles during normal walking of the model (black lines) and of humans (gray lines) are shown in the right panel. MN, motor neuron; IN, interneuron.