Table 2.
Characteristic according to quartiles of FVC (% predicted)a
| Quartile 1 (n = 450) | Quartile 2 (n = 471) | Quartile 3 (n = 460) | Quartile 4 (n = 471) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FVC (% predicted) | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 0.77 ± 0.25 | 0.87 ± 0.03 | 1.22 ± 0.28 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 0.70 ± 0.18 | 0.86 ± 0.15 | 1.01 ± 0.26 | 1.27 ± 0.31 | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 0.77 ± 0.22 | 0.77 ± 0.22 | 0.76 ± 0.23 | 0.74 ± 0.24 | <0.001 |
| MS (n, %) | 294(65.33) | 271(57.53) | 253(55.00) | 232(49.26) | <0.001 |
| NAFLD (n, %) | 193(42.89) | 188(39.92) | 160(34.78) | 137(29.09) | <0.001 |
| Age (years)b | 56.64 ± 8.23 | 55.65 ± 7.87 | 55.37 ± 7.48 | 56.31 ± 7.91 | 0.007 |
| Male (n, %) | 45(10.00) | 78 (16.56) | 168(36.52) | 384(81.53) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking (n, %) | 51(11.33) | 66(14.01) | 87(18.91) | 166(35.24) | <0.001 |
| Current drinker (n, %) | 61(13.56) | 88(18.68) | 86(18.70) | 183(38.85) | <0.001 |
| Regular exerciser (n, %) | 265(58.89) | 282(59.87) | 275(59.78) | 284(60.29) | 0.978 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.82 ± 3.97 | 25.09 ± 3.59 | 24.48 ± 3.27 | 24.73 ± 3.34 | 0.102 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.56 ± 19.42 | 134.32 ± 18.82 | 131.51 ± 19.15 | 135.78 ± 18.95 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.40 ± 10.44 | 82.16 ± 10.87 | 80.98 ± 9.98 | 82.53 ± 10.57 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 86.54 ± 11.48 | 85.76 ± 11.11 | 83.93 ± 10.31 | 84.73 ± 10.45 | 0.002 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 6.54 ± 1.87 | 6.65 ± 2.21 | 6.32 ± 1.75 | 6.31 ± 1.36 | 0.011 |
| 2 h PG (mmol/L) | 9.42 ± 4.23 | 9.43 ± 4.57 | 8.70 ± 4.01 | 8.38 ± 3.61 | <0.001 |
| A1C (%) | 5.90 ± 1.10 | 5.94 ± 1.23 | 5.75 ± 1.01 | 5.67 ± 0.83 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IRc | 2.32(1.44–3.31) | 1.84 (1.30–2.68) | 1.75(1.22–2.50) | 1.66(1.18–2.32) | 0.029 |
| eGFR | 124.75 ± 25.25 | 122.57 ± 21.90 | 120.30 ± 19.95 | 114.73 ± 21.85 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)c | 1.88 ± 1.27 | 1.76 ± 1.30 | 1.63 ± 1.05 | 1.89 ± 1.65 | 0.009 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.14 ± 0.96 | 5.07 ± 0.88 | 4.87 ± 0.85 | 4.86 ± 0.88 | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.32 | 1.36 ± 0.31 | 1.31 ± 0.32 | 1.29 ± 0.33 | 0.004 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.84 ± 0.75 | 2.81 ± 0.74 | 2.73 ± 0.70 | 2.71 ± 0.72 | <0.001 |
| ALT (units/l) | 21.37 ± 17.36 | 21.08 ± 15.98 | 19.78 ± 14.06 | 17.82 ± 11.15 | <0.001 |
| AST (units/l) | 25.35 ± 13.05 | 24.28 ± 12.53 | 24.13 ± 10.75 | 22.14 ± 7.31 | <0.001 |
| GGT (units/l) | 42.19 ± 42.29 | 36.22 ± 51.10 | 30.96 ± 33.42 | 29.91 ± 37.36 | <0.001 |
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, OGTT Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, FPG Fasting Plasma Glucose, 2 h PG postprandial 2-h Plasma Glucose, HbA1C Glycated hemoglobin, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, HDL high--density lipoprotein, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, GGT γ-glutamyltransferase
aData are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (percent); P value was calculated after adjustment for age, gender
bNot adjusted for itself
cThis variables was log transformed before analysis