Table 5.

Risk factors for prenatal maternal depression

Risk factors		Frequency	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			Odds ratio	p-value	Odds ratio	p-value
Personal or family history of depression	Personal history of depression	167 (5.2%)	2.7 (1.9; 3.9)	<0.001	2.1 (1.2; 3.6)	0.008
	Mother of the expectant mother had a personal history of depression	553 (19.0%)	1.7 (1.3; 2.2)	<0.001	1.2 (0.8; 1.7)	0.357
	Father of the expectant mother had a personal history of depression	154 (5.3%)	1.9 (1.3; 2.9)	0.001	1.8 (1.1; 3.1)	0.017
Factors regarding pregnancy	Unintentional pregnancy	1566 (48.7%)	1.4 (1.2; 1.8)	0.001	1.2 (0.9; 1.7)	0.173
	Mother felt unhappy about being pregnant	164 (5.2%)	2.3 (1.6; 3.4)	<0.001	1.5 (0.8; 2.7)	0.176
	Primiparous	1570 (48.6%)	1.0 (0.9; 1.3)	0.677	1.0 (0.7; 1.3)	0.798
	Gender of the child – male	1678 (51.9%)	0.8 (0.7; 1.0)	0.047	0.7 (0.5; 1.0)	0.022
	Mother under 18 years	41 (1.3%)	1.2 (0.5; 2.8)	0.725	0.9 (0.2; 4.3)	0.947
	Education – secondarya	1420 (44.4%)	1.3 (0.9; 1.8)	0.114	0.6 (0.4; 0.9)	0.026
	Education – primarya	1167 (36.5%)	1.8 (1.3; 2.5)	<0.001	0.8 (0.5; 1.1)	0.111
Factors regarding the time of questionnaire	Family savingsb	1274 (56.9%)	0.7 (0.6; 1.0)	0.021	0.7 (0.5; 1.0)	0.056
	Mother living aloneb	88 (2.7%)	3.0 (1.9; 4.8)	<0.001	1.6 (0.8; 3.5)	0.196
	Psychosocial stressorsc	4.0 (0.0; 18.0)	1.09 (1.07; 1.10)	<0.001	1.07 (1.04; 1.09)	<0.001

^aWe used college education as a reference value

^bQuestion was asked at 6 months postpartum

^cThis variable includes 35 questions regarding psychosocial stressors (the scale is 0-140 point), we stated median and a 5-95% percentile