Table 1.
Subject characteristics according to physical activity levels
| Low (n = 5309) (20.2%) |
Moderate (n = 11,997) (45.6%) |
High (n = 8988) (34.2%) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | a53 ± 17 | b49 ± 16 | b49 ± 15 | 0.001 |
| Male | 1951 (36.7) | 4651 (38.8) | 4611 (51.3) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2099 (39.5) | 4155 (34.6) | 3142 (35.0) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 669 (12.6) | 1302 (10.9) | 1074 (11.9) | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidemia | 488 (9.2) | 1168 (9.7) | 821 (9.1) | 0.283 |
| Current smoker | 1573 (29.6) | 3471 (28.9) | 3431 (38.1) | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | a120 ± 18 | b118 ± 18 | c119 ± 17 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | a76 ± 11 | b76 ± 11 | b77 ± 11 | 0.001 |
| Resting heart rate | a71 ± 10 | a70 ± 9 | b69 ± 9 | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dl) | a13.7 ± 1.6 | a13.8 ± 1.6 | b14.1 ± 1.6 | 0.002 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.323 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | a99.1 ± 26.9 | b97.5 ± 22.4 | b97.9 ± 22.8 | 0.001 |
| 25 (OH) vitamin D3 (ng/mL) | a17.5 ± 6.5 | b17.9 ± 6.5 | c19.5 ± 7.0 | 0.001 |
| PTH (pg/ml) | a71.3 ± 37.1 | b67.5 ± 29.6 | c65.2 ± 26.3 | 0.001 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | a82.7 ± 104.8 | b81.2 ± 110.4 | c80.4 ± 123.7 | 0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | a231.3 ± 75.9 | b223.4 ± 76.6 | b224.8 ± 69.3 | 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | a137.3 ± 106.5 | b133.4 ± 105.1 | b134.0 ± 118.0 | 0.101 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | a51.5 ± 12.5 | b52.3 ± 12.7 | b52.7 ± 13.0 | 0.004 |
ALP alkaline phosphatase, HDL high-density lipoprotein, 25(OH)D 25-dihydroxyvitamin D; PTH = parathyroid hormone
Values were represented as mean ± standard deviation, or n (%)
a, b, cwere designated according to post hoc analysis. Same marker was used to represent no statistically significant difference