Table 1.
Participant characteristics, medications and pulmonary function in heart-failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and healthy control subjects.
| Control | HFrEF | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| n | 18 | 22 | |||||
| Female | 5 (28) | 6 (27) | |||||
| Age, y | 58 | ± | 9 | 63 | ± | 8 | 0.062 |
| Stature, cm | 174 | ± | 15 | 175 | ± | 10 | 0.754 |
| Body mass, kg | 78.7 | ± | 15.2 | 89.9 | ± | 16.7 | 0.034 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 | ± | 4.4 | 29.2 | ± | 4.4 | 0.020 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.95 | ± | 0.21 | 2.08 | ± | 0.23 | 0.069 |
| Aetiology, n | 10 ISC/12IDC | ||||||
| HF duration, mo | 68 | ± | 75 | ||||
| LVEF, % | 28.5 | ± | 7.9 | ||||
| NYHA functional class | |||||||
| I | 6 (27) | ||||||
| II | 12 (55) | ||||||
| III | 4 (18) | ||||||
| Medications | |||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 22 (100) | ||||||
| Aspirin | 19 (86) | ||||||
| β-blockers | 21 (95) | ||||||
| Digitalis | 8 (36) | ||||||
| Diuretics | 16 (73) | ||||||
| Pulmonary function | |||||||
| FVC, % predicted | 103 | ± | 12 | 83 | ± | 15.8 | <0.001 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 106 | ± | 11 | 81 | ± | 18 | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC, % predicted | 97 | ± | 7 | 105 | ± | 19 | 0.145 |
| PEF, L/s | 98 | ± | 11 | 74 | ± | 22 | <0.001 |
| FEF25–75%, % predicted | 125 | ± | 32 | 84 | ± | 24 | 0.001 |
| IC, L | 109 | ± | 11 | 86 | ± | 21 | 0.002 |
| DLCO/VA | 10.9 | ± | 6.6 | 6.4 | ± | 4.6 | 0.015 |
Data are presented as group mean ± SD or n (%). BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; ISC, ischemic; IDC, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; HFrEF, heart-failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; PEF; peak expiratory flow rate; FEF25–75%, forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC; IC, inspiratory capacity; DLCO, lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; VA, alveolar volume. P-values, group mean control vs. group mean HF.