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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: COPD. 2016 Dec 27;14(2):228–237. doi: 10.1080/15412555.2016.1262340

Figure 2. Influenza virus infection induces CTGF expression in lung epithelial cells of non-human primates exposed to cigarette smoke.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Figure 2

A. CTGF mRNA levels in epithelial cells obtained by bronchial brushings of IAV- or mock-infected NHPs following 4 wks of CS exposure were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3 per group; *p < 0.05).

B. Analysis of CTGF expression in airway epithelium of NHPs exposed to CS and IAV infection. Representative micrographs showing CTGF–immunopositive cells (red) in airway tissues from NHPs exposed to CS and IAV infection compared with CS and mock infection. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). (scale bar, 10 µM). Lower panel shows quantitative analysis of CTGF–positive cells in the two groups of NHPs (**p< 0.01).

C. Analysis of CTGF expression in alveolar cells of NHPs exposed to CS and IAV infection. Representative micrographs showing CTGF–immunopositive cells (red) in alveolar cells from NHPs exposed to CS + IAV or CS + mock infection. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). (scale bar, 10 µM). Lower panel shows quantitative analysis of CTGF–positive cells in the two groups of NHPs (***p< 0.001).