Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants with treatment resistant hypertension* by randomized
| Chlorthalidone (N=672) |
Amlodipine (N=441) |
Lisinopril (N=757) |
P value (Amlodipine vs. Chlorthalidone) |
P value (Lisinopril vs. Chlorthalidone) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (sd) | 67.0 (7.7) | 66.7 (7.4) | 66.1 (7.5) | 0.58 | 0.04 |
| Men, % | 55.5 | 58.7 | 58.0 | 0.29 | 0.34 |
| Race-ethnicity, % | |||||
| Black | 38.2 | 39.9 | 48.3 | 0.58 | <0.001 |
| Non-Black | 61.8 | 60.1 | 51.7 | ||
| Hispanic | 10.7 | 6.6 | 9.1 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| Non-Hispanic | 89.3 | 93.4 | 90.9 | ||
| Region of residence, % | 0.45 | 0.84 | |||
| Northeast | 14.0 | 12.7 | 13.7 | ||
| Midwest | 19.8 | 17.9 | 18.2 | ||
| South | 50.1 | 51.9 | 52.2 | ||
| West | 10.4 | 12.9 | 10.2 | ||
| Canada | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.8 | ||
| Practice setting, % | 0.07 | 0.74 | |||
| Private | 22.9 | 22.7 | 22.9 | ||
| Group | 16.7 | 19.3 | 16.5 | ||
| Health Maintenance | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | ||
| Organization | |||||
| Community Health Center | 11.2 | 9.3 | 12.5 | ||
| University | 8.0 | 10.2 | 9.5 | ||
| Other | 9.2 | 9.3 | 8.6 | ||
| Veterans Affairs Medical | 24.7 | 25.6 | 24.4 | ||
| Center | |||||
| Unknown | 4.9 | 1.4 | 3.2 | ||
| Education less than high school, % | 43.6 | 45.8 | 44.6 | 0.49 | 0.72 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean(sd) | 30.5 (6.2) | 31.2 (9.1) | 30.6 (6.4) | 0.11 | 0.63 |
| eGFR <60 , ml/min/1.73 m2, % | 29.6 | 26.6 | 22.6 | 0.28 | 0.003 |
| Diabetes, % | 51.0 | 49.9 | 42.7 | 0.73 | 0.003 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL, mean(sd) | |||||
| Total | 217.5 (42.0) | 217.3 (44.9) | 212.4 (42.3) | 0.95 | 0.03 |
| LDL | 135.8 (36.6) | 135.1 (35.9) | 133.5 (35.9) | 0.76 | 0.27 |
| HDL | 46.7 (15.3) | 46.9 (15.4) | 46.7 (14.9) | 0.83 | 0.93 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, % |
18.6 | 20.4 | 24.6 | 0.45 | 0.006 |
| ASCVD, % | 51.5 | 50.6 | 43.2 | 0.76 | 0.002 |
| On blood pressure medications prior to randomization, % |
96.4 | 96.8 | 95.0 | 0.72 | 0.18 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean (sd) | 153.9 (14.6) | 154.1 (15.5) | 151.0 (15.2) | 0.78 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (sd) | 85.0 (11.0) | 84.1 (10.7) | 85.6 (10.3) | 0.18 | 0.30 |
| Antihypertensive agents at 2 years, n (%) |
|||||
| On 3 or more agents at 2 years |
672 (100.0) | 441 (100.0) | 757 (100.0) | - | - |
| On 4 or more agents at 2 years |
180 (26.8) | 111 (25.2) | 237 (31.3) | 0.55 | 0.06 |
| On 5 or more agents at 2 years |
27 (4.0) | 8 (1.8) | 40 (5.3) | 0.04 | 0.26 |
| On 6 or more agents at 2 years |
5 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.5) | 0.25 | 0.61 |
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic vascular disease; ; BMI, body mass index; ECG, electrocardiogram; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate;.
*
Treatment resistant hypertension was defined as having uncontrolled hypertension despite the use of antihypertensive medications from 3 or more classes or the use of 4 or more antihypertensive medication classes to achieve blood pressure control.