Table 2.
Association between quintiles of normalized biomarker concentrations and the risk of progressive CKD
| Events | Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Model 1 Hazard Ratio (95% CI): Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, clinical center |
Model 2 Hazard Ratio (95% CI): Model 1+ACR |
Model 3 Hazard Ratio (95% CI): Model 1+eGFR |
Model 4 Hazard Ratio (95% CI): Model 1+ACR+ eGFR |
Model 5 Hazard Ratio (95% CI): Model 4+DM, CVD, systolic BP, BMI, ACE-I/ARB use, education |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIM/Cr (ng/g) | |||||||
| ≤ 661 | 48 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| > 661–1112 | 68 | 1.46(1.01–2.12) | 1.59(1.1–2.31) | 0.89(0.61–1.30) | 1.46(1.00–2.11) | 0.98(0.67–1.43) | 0.93(0.64–1.37) |
| > 1112–1831 | 97 | 2.24(1.59–3.17) | 2.61(1.84–3.70) | 1.11(0.78–1.60) | 2.09(1.47–2.98) | 1.10(0.76–1.58) | 1.10(0.76–1.59) |
| > 1831–2990 | 146 | 3.76(2.72–5.21) | 4.69(3.36–6.55) | 1.31(0.92–1.88) | 2.84(2.02–3.98) | 1.19(0.83–1.70) | 1.22(0.85–1.75) |
| > 2990 | 222 | 7.68(5.61–10.5) | 8.79(6.35–12.17) | 1.38(0.95–2.00) | 5.15(3.71–7.16) | 1.30(0.89–1.89) | 1.36(0.93–2.00) |
| Per SD | 2.26(2.07–2.47) | 2.28(2.08–2.50) | 1.17(1.05–1.31) | 1.88(1.71–2.07) | 1.10(0.98–1.24) | 1.10(0.98–1.24) | |
| NGAL/Cr (mcg/g) | |||||||
| ≤ 2.63 | 35 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| > 2.63–8.40 | 56 | 1.74(1.14–2.66) | 1.69(1.11–2.59) | 1.28(0.84–1.97) | 1.40(0.92–2.15) | 1.11(0.72–1.70) | 1.18(0.77–1.81) |
| > 8.4–20.2 | 80 | 2.48(1.67–3.69) | 2.43(1.62–3.63) | 1.19(0.79–1.80) | 1.55(1.03–2.32) | 0.85(0.56–1.30) | 0.85(0.56–1.30) |
| >20.2–64.07 | 155 | 5.51(3.82–7.96) | 5.55(3.81–8.09) | 1.66(1.11–2.46) | 2.57(1.75–3.78) | 0.85(0.56–1.28) | 0.84(0.55–1.27) |
| > 64.07 | 255 | 12.85(9.02–18.31) | 13.54(9.37–19.56) | 3.05(2.04–4.56) | 4.29(2.91–6.30) | 0.88(0.56–1.37) | 0.97(0.62–1.52) |
| Per SD | 2.40(2.22–2.59) | 2.39(2.21–2.6) | 1.53(1.38–1.7) | 1.68(1.52–1.85) | 0.95(0.83–1.08) | 0.97(0.84–1.10) | |
| NAG/Cr (U/g) | |||||||
| ≤ 2.08 | 27 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| > 2.08–3.33 | 53 | 2.07(1.30–3.30) | 2.12(1.33––3.38) | 1.28(0.79–2.07) | 1.69(1.06–2.71) | 1.29(0.79–2.09) | 1.21(0.74–1.98) |
| > 3.33–4.96 | 104 | 4.36(2.85–6.66) | 4.10(2.68–6.27) | 1.40(0.88–2.24) | 2.38(1.55–3.66) | 1.26(0.79–2.00) | 1.23(0.77–1.97) |
| > 4.96–8.36 | 159 | 7.86(5.23–11.83) | 7.49(4.96–11.33) | 1.63(1.02–2.6) | 3.61(2.37–5.5) | 1.42(0.89–2.26) | 1.32(0.82–2.13) |
| > 8.36 | 238 | 15.16(10.17–22.59) | 13.27(8.84–19.91) | 1.45(0.89–2.34) | 6.59(4.37–9.95) | 1.33(0.82–2.15) | 1.24(0.76–2.02) |
| Per SD | 2.05(1.93–2.18) | 2.04(1.90–2.19) | 1.06(0.95–1.19) | 1.88(1.73–2.04) | 1.12(1.00–1.26) | 1.08(0.96–1.22) | |
| L-FABP/Cr (mcg/g) | |||||||
| Undetectable | 34 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Below LLD | 48 | 1.27(0.82–1.97) | 1.25(0.80–1.94) | 1.06(0.68–1.64) | 0.99(0.63–1.54) | 0.90(0.58–1.40) | 0.90(0.58–1.41) |
| < 9.68 | 70 | 1.68(1.12–2.54) | 1.55(1.02–2.34) | 1.18(0.78–1.78) | 1.29(0.85–1.95) | 1.16(0.76–1.76) | 1.19(0.78–1.80) |
| ≥ 9.68 – 33.8 | 150 | 4.31(2.96–6.25) | 3.46(2.37–5.05) | 1.36(0.92–2.01) | 1.84(1.25–2.7) | 1.07(0.72–1.57) | 1.07(0.72–1.58) |
| ≥ 33.8 | 279 | 10.67(7.46–15.25) | 8.34(5.79–12.01) | 1.62(1.09–2.40) | 3.08(2.12–4.48) | 0.91(0.61–1.35) | 0.90(0.60–1.34) |
ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ACR: albumin-creatinine-ratio; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; LLD: Lower Limit of Detection