Figure 1. Regulation of YAP activity by Hippo core components.

A. The phosphorylation cascades of Hippo core components reduce the activation of the transcriptional co-activator YAP. Phosphorylated YAP is sequestered in the cytoplasm by 14-3-3 and recruits SCFβ-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase, which ultimately leads to YAP degradation. B. Impaired or attenuated activity of Hippo core components results in the dephosphorylation of YAP and translocation of YAP from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In the nucleus, YAP cannot bind to DNA directly and TEAD family transcription factors, which are characterized by the presence of a TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain, are key partners of YAP for DNA binding and transcriptional activation.