Table 3.
Metabolic and exercise responses to endurance exercise training
| Variable | Participant #1 | Participant #2 | Participant #3 | Participant #4 | Mean | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean +/−SD | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | P value |
| Weight (kg) | 53.1 | 55.3 | 53.9 | 56.2 | 87.5 | 90.3 | 83.3 | 73.6 | 69.5 ± 18.5 | 68.9 ± 16.6 | 0.86 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 14.1 | 13.3 | 15.8 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 16.1 | 14.7 | 14.6 | 15.0 ± 0.8 | 14.9 ± 1.2 | 0.64 |
| Hct (%) | 40.6 | 37.1 | 44.3 | 44.3 | 44.0 | 46.4 | 43.1 | 41.5 | 43.0 ± 1.7 | 42.3 ± 4.0 | 0.62 |
| WBC (K/cumm) | 4.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 0.12 |
| ANC (K/cumm) | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.16 |
| Neutrophil (%) | 37 | 33 | 13 | 22 | 49 | 31 | 25 | 13 | 31.0 ± 15.5 | 24.8 ± 9.2 | 0.36 |
| Pre-albumin (mg/dL) | 15.0 | 12.4 | 19.0 | 17.1 | 21.0 | 22.1 | 14.7 | 11.2 | 17.4 ± 3.1 | 15.7 ± 5.0 | 0.18 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 196 | 121 | 26 | 43 | 15 | 18 | 10 | 15 | 61.8 ± 89.9 | 49.3 ± 49.5 | 0.60 |
| Peak VO2 (L/min) | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.97 | 1.16 | 0.76 | 0.66 | 0.73 ± 0.18 | 0.77 ± 0.26 | 0.52 |
| Peak Work (W) | 50 | 60 | 50 | 60 | 80 | 70 | 70 | 60 | 62.5 ± 15.0 | 62.5 ± 5.0 | 1.00 |
| Peak Time (s) | 306 | 370 | 327 | 380 | 477 | 468 | 370 | 360 | 62.5 ± 15.0 | 62.5 ± 5.0 | 0.30 |
| Peak HR (bpm) | 144 | 151 | 142 | 169 | 171 | 169 | 171 | 136 | 157.0 ± 16.2 | 156.3 ± 16.0 | 0.96 |
| Peak RER | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.10 |
| Peak Ve | 75 | 41 | 60 | 50 | 56 | 52 | ** | 30 | 63.7 ± 10.0 | 43.3 ± 10.0 | 0.22 |
| ΔDeoxy-Hb (μM/s) | 0.4 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.3 | ** | ** | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.60 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 100 | 98 | 96 | 102 | 130 | 98 | 120 | 93 | 112 ± 16 | 113 ± 15 | 0.60 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70 | 70 | 62 | 70 | 60 | 72 | 66 | 50 | 65 ± 4 | 66 ± 10 | 0.88 |
| LV mass index | 26.7 | 29.7 | 20.0 | 26.3 | 31.2 | 26.3 | 37.3 | 37.3 | 28.8 ± 7.3 | 29.9 ± 5.2 | 0.68 |
| LVEDV (mL) | 194.3 | 176.5 | 137.2 | 125.5 | 151.0 | 179.3 | 168.8 | 173.4 | 162.8 ± 24.6 | 162.5 ± 25.1 | 0.98 |
| LVESV (mL) | 157.0 | 125.6 | 72.4 | 69.1 | 79.5 | 100.7 | 79.6 | 78.7 | 97.1 ± 40.1 | 93.5 ± 25.1 | 0.76 |
| EF (%) | 19 | 29 | 47 | 45 | 47 | 44 | 53 | 55 | 42 ± 15 | 43 ± 11 | 0.67 |
| FS (%) | 9.0 | 8.9 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 26.9 | 26.6 | 18.9 ± 7.4 | 18.6 ± 7.3 | 0.96 |
| MPI | 0.9 | 0.7 | ** | ** | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.68 | 0.62 ± 0.2 | 0.64 ± 0.1 | 0.86 |
| E/A | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.28 |
Hb hemoglobin, Hct hematocrit, WBC white blood cell, ANC absolute neutrophil count, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, VO2 volume of oxygen consumption, Exs exercise, HR heart rate, RER respiratory exchange ratio, Ve ventilation, ΔDeoxy-Hb (μM/s) slope of deoxy-hemoglobin and time in micromoles per second, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, LV left ventricle, LVEDV left ventricular end diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricular end systolic volume, FS fractional shortening, EF ejection fraction, MPI myocardial performance index, E/A early to late diastolic filling ratio
** Missing data