Table 3.

Effect of water and ethanolic herb extracts on biofilm-associated genes expression.

The English name of herbs	Water extract						The English name of herbs	Ethanolic extract
	algU	pslM	pelA	algA	ppyR	bdlA		algU	pslM	pelA	algA	ppyR	bdlA
Atractylodes lancea	+1.5	0	−2.5	0	0	0	Atractylodes lancea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cortex fraxini	0	−3	−1.5	−1	0	0	Cortex fraxini	−1.8	−2.5	−0.5	−1.5	0	0
Cyrtomium fortunei	0	−1.5	−2	−1	0	0	Cyrtomium fortunei	0	0	0	0	0	0
Erodium stephanianum Willd.	a	a	a	a	a	a	Erodium stephanianum willd	a	a	a	a	a	a
Folium artemisiae Argyi	−2	0	−2	0	−1.5	0	Folium artemisiae argyi	0	0	−2	0	−1.5	0
Fructus quisqualis	a	a	a	a	a	a	Fructus quisqualis	a	a	a	a	a	a
Herba agrimoniae	a	a	a	a	a	a	Herba agrimoniae	a	a	a	a	a	a
Herba patriniae	−2	−2.5	−0.5	−2.5	0	−2	Herba patriniae	0	0	0	0	−1.5	−1
Herba scutellariae barbatae	0	0	0	−1	0	0	Herba scutellariae barbatae	0	0	0	0	0	−1.5
Pomegranate rind	−1.5	−1.2	0	−1	0	0	Pomegranate rind	−1.5	−1	−1	−0.5	0	0
Portulacae herba	+1	0	0	+1.5	0	0	Portulacae herba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Radix paeoniae	−0.5	−0.5	0	0	−1	0	Radix paeoniae	0	0	0	0	0	0
Radix sanguisorbae	−1.5	−1	−1.5	−1	−0.5	0	Radix sanguisorbae	−1.6	−1.5	0	0	−0.5	0
Radix lithospermi	0	−1.2	−2	0	−1	0	Radix lithospermi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scrophulariae	−2	+1.5	0	0	0	0	Scrophulariae	−0.5	0	−1	0	0	0
Smoked plum	a	a	a	a	a	a	Smoked plum	a	a	a	a	a	a
Taraxacum mongolicum	0	0	0	0	0	0	Taraxacum mongolicum	0	+2	0	0	0	0
Tripterygium	−1.5	0	−2.5	0	0	0	Tripterygium	0	0	−2	0	−2.5	0

Note: herbal extracts were used at 1.6 mg/mL. The values shown represent maximal inhibition (fold changes between experiments with and without herb extract). “+” represents induction of gene expression by herb extracts; “−” represents inhibition of biofilm gene expression by herb extracts; “0” represents no effect of biofilm gene expression by herb extracts; “a” represents inhibition of the growth of bacteria. Numbers represent fold changes at the time points where maximal expression was reached in the absence of herbal extract.