Table 2. The levels of pathological proteins and neurotransmitters in CSF from control, TD and PIGD groups.
| Control group | TD group | PIGD group | P1 value | P2 value | P3 value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 28 cases) | (n = 78 cases) | (n = 44 cases) | ||||
| Aβ1–42 (ng/ml, mean ± SD) | 0.87 ± 0.44 | 0.67 ± 0.33 | 0.52 ± 0.36 | 0.00** | 0.00* | 0.013* |
| T-tau [(pg/ml, (median (quartile)] | 46.75 (10.27~158.06) | 100.15 (51.27~142.31) | 122.81 (55.52~177.94) | 0.00** | 0.00** | 0.41 |
| P-tau231t (pg/ml, mean ± SD) | 65.59 ± 23.66 | 164.03 ± 76.33 | 148.91 ± 77.22 | 0.00** | 0.00** | 0.35 |
| P-tau181t (pg/ml, mean ± SD) | 42.10 ± 12.34 | 67.94 ± 27.40 | 90.49 ± 30.78 | 0.00** | 0.00** | 0.00** |
| P-tau199s (pg/ml, mean ± SD) | 3.41 ± 0.57 | 7.23 ± 3.07 | 8.55 ± 3.78 | 0.00** | 0.00** | 0.06 |
| P-tau396s (pg/ml, mean ± SD) | 50.4 ± 26.17 | 67.41 ± 28.23 | 71.43 ± 33.54 | 0.01* | 0.01* | 0.54 |
| Neurotransmitters (ng/ml*10−2, mean ± SD) | ||||||
| Ach | 0.70 ± 0.31 | 0.51 ± 0.13 | 0.30 ± 0.26 | 0.008* | 0.00** | 0.000* |
| DA | 0.67 ± 0.30 | 0.66 ± 0.35 | 0.65 ± 0.25 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.92 |
| HVA | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.00** | 0.00** | 0.09 |
| DOPAC | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.60 | 0.31 | 0.29 |
| 5-HT | 2.10 ± 0.82 | 1.50 ± 0.90 | 1.39 ± 0.73 | 0.00** | 0.00** | 0.07 |
| NE | 55.65 ± 15.73 | 1.52 ± 4.23 | 49.40 ± 13.63 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.48 |
Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare T-tau level in CSF among control, TD and PIGD groups; ANOVA was used to compare the levels of Aβ1–42, P-tau231t, P-tau181t, P-tau199s, P-tau396s, Ach, DA, HVA, DOPAC, 5-HT and NE in CSF among control, TD and PIGD groups; p < 0.017 was defined as statistically significant.
P1: Control group vs. TD group; Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare T-tau level in CSF between control and TD groups; p < 0.017 was defined as statistically significant. Two-tailed t-test was used to compare the levels of Aβ1–42, P-tau231t, P-tau181t, P-tau199s, P-tau396s, Ach, DA, HVA, DOPAC, 5-HT and NE in CSF between control and TD groups, p < 0.017 was defined as statistically significant. P2: Control group vs. PIGD group; Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare T-tau level in CSF between control and PIGD groups; p < 0.017 was defined as statistically significant. Two-tailed t-test was used to compare the levels of Aβ1–42, P-tau231t, P-tau181t, P-tau199s, P-tau396s, Ach, DA, HVA, DOPAC, 5-HT and NE in CSF between control and PIGD groups; p < 0.0017 was defined as statistically significant.
P3: TD group vs. PIGD group; Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare T-tau level in CSF between TD and PIGD groups; p < 0.017 was defined as statistically significant. Two-tailed t-test was used to compare CSF levels of Aβ1–42, P-tau231t, P-tau181t, P-tau199s, P-tau396s, Ach, DA, HVA, DOPAC, 5-HT and NE between TD and PIGD groups; p < 0.017 was defined as statistically significant. Aβ1–42 = β amyloid (Aβ)1–42; T-tau = total tau; P-tau181t = tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; P-tau231t = tau phosphorylated at threonine231; P-tau396s = tau phosphorylated at serine 396; P-tau 199s = tau phosphorylated at serine 199; Ach = acetylcholine; DA = dopamine; DOPAC = dihydroxyphenylacetate; HVA = homovanillic acid; 5-HT = serotonin; NE = norepinephrine. *P < 0.017, **P < 0.01.