Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics and descriptives; mean and SD (±)
| Variable | All participants (n = 36) | Positive priming group (n = 18) | Neutral priming group (n = 18) | p‐Value between |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 25.33 ± 7.02 | 26.78 ± 7.50 | 23.89 ± 6.39 | 0.222 |
| Women (%) | 58 | 67 | 50 | 0.325 |
| Pain sensitivity (C)a | 47.64 ± 1.22 | 47.78 ± 1.35 | 47.50 ± 1.10 | 0.503 |
| Pain, placebo ‘off’b | 61.29 ± 17.10 | 58.44 ± 17.32 | 64.14 ± 16.88 | 0.325 |
| Pain, placebo ‘on’b | 52.11 ± 16.68 | 49.83 ± 15.53 | 54.39 ± 17.90 | 0.421 |
| Placebo outcomec | 9.18 ± 8.81 | 8.61 ± 6.69 | 9.75 ± 10.70 | 0.704 |
| Priming difficultyd | 31.67 ± 25.21 | 31.39 ± 26.39 | 31.94 ± 24.74 | 0.948 |
| Priming time (min) | 12.03 ± 3.48 | 11.59 ± 4.11 | 12.46 ± 2.77 | 0.465 |
a
Temperature when pain rating ~60 on a 0–100 Numeric Response Scale (NRS) (0 = no pain, 100 = worst imaginable pain).
b
Pain rating 0–100 NRS placebo analgesic device on/off.
c
Difference pain rating placebo ‘off’ and ‘on’.
d
Difficulty 0–100 NRS, (0 = not at all difficult, 100 = highest difficulty possible).