. 2017 Feb 1;102(2):228–244. doi: 10.1113/EP085910

Table 1.

Responses of blood variables to heating and cooling in the experimental and control arms

			Time (min)
Parameter	Conditions	Arm	0	10	20	30	40	50	60
Haemoglobin (g l⁻¹)	Heating	Experimental	144 ± 10	144 ± 9	143 ± 10	141 ± 11	143 ± 8	142 ± 9	143 ± 10
		Control	144 ± 10	145 ± 8	145 ± 12	144 ± 12	143 ± 12	145 ± 11	145 ± 9
	Cooling	Experimental	147 ± 7	146 ± 7	145 ± 7	146 ± 7	148 ± 6	149 ± 7	149 ± 7
		Control	149 ± 5	150 ± 6	150 ± 6	145 ± 13	150 ± 6	150 ± 5	150 ± 7
O₂ saturation (%)	Heating	Experimental	55 ± 15	61 ± 19^*	77 ± 10^*†	75 ± 18^*†	76 ± 17^*†	82 ± 12^*†	79 ± 11^*†
		Control	66 ± 10	61 ± 15	66 ± 15^†	66 ± 17^†	67 ± 8^†	70 ± 10^†	75 ± 10^*†
	Cooling	Experimental	60 ± 11	52 ± 13	49 ± 16^*	40 ± 13^*	40 ± 12^*	31 ± 11^*	33 ± 11^*
		Control	55 ± 8	51 ± 6	47 ± 10^*	51 ± 10	45 ± 6^*	49 ± 4	49 ± 10
$P_{O_{2}}$ (mmHg)	Heating	Experimental	27 ± 7	35 ± 11^†	42 ± 9^*†	45 ± 12^*†	45 ± 13^*†	51 ± 12^*†	48 ± 14^*†
		Control	33 ± 6^†	31 ± 8^†	33 ± 9^†	34 ± 12^†	32 ± 5^†	35 ± 8^†	38 ± 9^*†
	Cooling	Experimental	29 ± 6	23 ± 3^*	21 ± 4^*	16 ± 3^*	16 ± 3^*	14 ± 4^*	13 ± 4^*
		Control	26 ± 3	25 ± 2	23 ± 4	25 ± 3	22 ± 2	24 ± 2	24 ± 3
$P_{C O_{2}}$ (mmHg)	Heating	Experimental	46 ± 5	46 ± 4	42 ± 4	45 ± 5^†	45 ± 4^†	43 ± 4	44 ± 4
		Control	45 ± 5	46 ± 5	43 ± 6	42 ± 5	42 ± 4	43 ± 5	41 ± 4^†
	Cooling	Experimental	45 ± 4	43 ± 6	41 ± 6	39 ± 5^*	39 ± 5^*	41 ± 5	40 ± 4
		Control	45 ± 5	46 ± 4	46 ± 4	44 ± 6	47 ± 4	46 ± 5	46 ± 5
pH	Heating	Experimental	7.41 ± 0.02	7.41 ± 0.02	7.41 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.02	7.40 ± 0.02	7.40 ± 0.02
		Control	7.40 ± 0.04	7.40 ± 0.03	7.44 ± 0.06	7.41 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.03	7.42 ± 0.03
	Cooling	Experimental	7.41 ± 0.03	7.44 ± 0.04	7.44 ± 0.04	7.47 ± 0.05	7.47 ± 0.05	7.45 ± 0.04	7.44 ± 0.03
		Control	7.41 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.03	7.40 ± 0.04
Lactate (mmol l⁻¹)	Heating	Experimental	1.1 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.3		0.9 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.3
		Control	1.3 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.4
	Cooling	Experimental	1.1 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2
		Control	1.3 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.3
Osmolality	Heating	Experimental	280 ± 3	279 ± 5	280 ± 5	280 ± 4	279 ± 5	279 ± 5	279 ± 5
(mosmol kg⁻¹)		Control	281 ± 3	280 ± 5	281 ± 5	281 ± 5	282 ± 4	281 ± 4	281 ± 4
	Cooling	Experimental	280 ± 4	280 ± 4	281 ± 5	280 ± 4	280 ± 4	280 ± 3	279 ± 4
		Control	282 ± 3	282 ± 3	282 ± 3	283 ± 4	282 ± 3	282 ± 3	281 ± 3

Data are shown as means ± SD for eight subjects. Abbreviations: $P_{C O_{2}}$ , partial pressure of carbon dioxide; and $P_{O_{2}}$ , partial pressure of oxygen. Note that pH, $P_{O_{2}}$ and $P_{C O_{2}}$ were corrected for blood temperature. ^*Different from baseline (0), P < 0.05. ^†Different from respective cooling, P < 0.05.