Up-regulation of ATF6-dependent genes in ATF6-KI mouse brains. Wild-type (WT) and ATF6-KI mice were treated with corn oil (vehicle) or tamoxifen for five days. On day 1 or day 7 after the last dose of tamoxifen, mouse brain cortex samples were collected and analyzed by quantitative PCR (a) and Western blotting (b). (a) On day 1 after the last dose of tamoxifen, RNA samples were prepared from mouse brain cortex, and analyzed for mRNA levels of ATF6-dependent genes. All individual data were normalized to β-actin. To calculate fold change, the mean values of vehicle-treated WT mouse samples were set to 1.0. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 3 per group), *p < 0.05. (b) On day 1 or day 7 after the last dose of tamoxifen, protein samples were prepared from mouse brain cortices, and analyzed for expression levels of FLAG-sATF6-MER and ATF6-dependent genes. (c) On day 7 after the last dose of tamoxifen, the brains of ATF6-KI were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with anti-FLAG. DAPI was used to stain nuclei (blue). FLAG-sATF6-MER was present in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus, in the forebrain neurons of ATF6-KI mice.